The purpose of this study was to estimate daily intake of manganese in Korean adults. Manganese intake was estimated through the use of the database of manganese content in frequently consumed Korean foods after first conducting anthropometric measurement and a survey on dietary intake with 354 Korean adults. Average age, height, weight and body mass index were 54.6 years, 165.7 cm, 67.2 kg and...

The study of heavy metals in the human diet is important due to their dual effects as either essential or toxic body. In this study, we determined concentration selected common potato and corn chips brands Iraq markets. Ten were analyzed for concentrations studied by ICP-MS. results shown that average level (mg kg-1±SD) 2.68±0.67 2.96±3.00 Mn, 4.64±1.99 5.82±5.45 Fe, 0.29±0.33 1.36±0.95 Cu 2.84...

BACKGROUND Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone important for the recovery of organ systems after critical illness. Recent observational studies have suggested that three out of every four children are vitamin D deficient following cardiac surgery, with inadequate preoperative intake and surgical losses playing important contributory roles. Observed associations between postoperative levels, card...

Cyanotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. They pose a threat to human health and the environment. This review summarises the existing data on human exposure to cyanotoxins through drinking water, recreational activities (e.g., swimming, canoeing or bathing), the aquatic food web, terrestrial plants, food supplements, and haemodialysis. Furthermore, it discusses the tolera...

We previously developed a new method for estimating intakes of environmental contaminants, called Estimated Ecological Daily Intake (EEDI), which is based on food consumption data. This method accurately estimates the intakes of food additives and contaminants and provides rough estimates of averages and distribution curves for the target population. By this method, we originally considered onl...

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) refers to the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects for almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects increases. The term tolerable is chosen because it connotes a level of intake that can, with high probability, be tolerated...

Trace metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) were assessed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) in 32 commonly consumed cocoa products (chocolates) prepared by different national and multinational companies. Microelement contents studied varied significantly in all type of chocolates (P < 0.01). The concentrations of Pb and Cd in cocoa powder were found to be highest, 1400 and 190 μg...