Formalin as a chemical noxious stimulus evokes a biphasic pain that its second phase as a chronic inflammatory pain is similar to clinical pain. In this study, we used 40 NMRI male rats (250-300 g), and experiments were carried out considering ethical rules. Experiments were performed in normal and morphine addicted rats, the addiction was induced by Leung method. Behaviors of flinching and lic...

abstract water deficit is a major problem for the successful production of agricultural products in iran. this research was conducted to evaluate drought tolerance indices and identifying drought tolerant cultivars of canola. twenty eight canola cultivars were sassed implementing complete block designs experiments in normal and drought stress conditions at isfahan university of technology resea...

objective: this study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive effect of chronic administration of the flavonoid hesperetin in streptozotocin-diabetic rats using formalin and hot tail immersion tests. materials and methods: rats were divided into 5 control groups, hesperetin-treated control, diabetic, sodium salicylate (ss)-treated diabetic, and hesperetin- and glibenclamide-treated dia...

in order to evaluate drought tolerance of some aegilops triuncialis ecotypes a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design was conducted under non-stress and drought stress (irrigation until 50% of heading) condition in the greenhouse of mohaghegh ardabili university in 2012. drought tolerance and susceptibility indices for grain yield were calculated and principal component an...

formalin is a common disinfectant and therapeutic agent in fisheries-related activities. considering large variation in susceptibility of different species to formalin toxicity, it is necessary to determine its toxicity and safety margins in different species, separately. therefore, to investigate formalin acute toxicity and safety margins on caspian roach, an experiment was conducted in 1g cas...

goldfish carassius auratus were subjected to either formalin (250 ppm) or nacl (10 ppt), over a 0.5-h period followed by 24-h freshwater exposure. serum biochemistry was monitored before exposure (0), immediately after (0.5) plus 3 and 24 h after exposure. results showed that both formalin and nacl treatments caused rapid increase in cortisol with a peak at 3 h, which did not recover until 24 h...

in order to comparison and determination of the best drought tolerance indices in sweet corn hybrids, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design in split plot lay out with three replications at seed and plant improvement institute in karaj in 2006. three irrigation levels (irrigation after 75 as control, 100 and 125 millimeters cumulative evaporation from class a evapo...

Objective(s): Intracerebroventricular injection of orexin-A (hypocretin-1) antagonist has been shown to inhibit stress-induced analgesia. However the locations of central sites that may mediate these effects have not been totally demonstrated. This study was performed to investigate the role of rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) orexin receptor 1 in stress-induced analgesia (SIA). Materials and...