Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is defined as a neuropsychiatric brain dysfunction in acute or chronic liver failure. Infection and inflammation have crucial role in its pathophysiology. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the relationship between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and the encephalopathy induced with endotoxin in biliary cirrhotic rats. Methods: The present stud...

OBJECTIVES There is a marked propensity for patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure to develop sepsis, which may culminate in multiple organ failure and death. Toll-like receptors sense pathogens and induce inflammatory responses, but whether this is protective or detrimental in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure remains unknown. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS We assesse...

Aim: Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) can recognize the DNA fragments released from chemotherapy-treated cancer cells in tumor tissues and induce an inflammatory response. The aim of present study w...