Handling of electrolytes and acidic equivalents by the antennal gland was monitored in freshwater crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) during control normoxia (Po 2 = 148mmHg; 1 mmHg = 133-3Pa), 72h of hyperoxia (Po2 = 500mmHg) and 24 h of recovery. A preparation was developed for direct collection of urinary flow (UFR) which was confirmed using inulin clearance (CIN). Renal effluxes of Na + , C...

this article identifies the significance of rooms and the role of their design in satisfaction of the recent habitants, in iranian architecture. accordingly, some guidelines and criteria are presented to optimize dimensions and number of different types of rooms in housing design and could be used in residential building codes. in a review of recent ordinary dwelling unit plans in iran, we obse...

intellectual developments, political movements and cultural policies of government during the pahlavi era, played a significant role in formation and developing of important tendencies of iranian modern painting. the present article, based on the analytic approaches, investigates the influence of the leftist, nationalistic and islamist movements on art, and simultaneously studies the role of go...

Rap is one of the most salient music genres of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Gangsta rap, in particular, with its focus on urban street life, has become a dominant means of expression within contemporary African American adolescent culture. As such, it speaks directly to issues of identity, culture, violence, and nihilism—themes that permeate recent research on inner-city...

Rapidly growing global populations mandate greater crop productivity despite increasingly scarce natural resources, including freshwater. The adoption of sustainable agricultural practices seek to address such issues, but an unintended consequence is the exposure soils and associated biota emerging contaminants azole pharmaceutical antifungals. We show that environmentally relevant three common...

The translational capacity of data generated in preclinical toxicological studies is contingent upon several factors, including the appropriateness of the animal model. The primary objectives of this article are: 1) to analyze the natural history of acute and delayed signs and symptoms that develop following an acute exposure of humans to organophosphorus (OP) compounds, with an emphasis on ner...

32 33 Hagfishes are the most ancient of the extant craniates, and demonstrate a 34 high tolerance for a number of unfavorable environmental conditions including 35 elevated ammonia. Proposed mechanisms of ammonia excretion in aquatic 36 organisms include vesicular NH4+ transport and release by exocytosis in marine 37 crabs, and passive NH3 diffusion, active NH4+ transport and paracellular leaka...

Algae are defined by their photosynthetic organelles (plastids) that have had multiple independent origins in different phyla. These instances of organelle transfer significantly complicate inference of the tree of life for eukaryotes because the intracellular gene transfer (endosymbiotic gene transfer, EGT) associated with each round of endosymbiosis generates highly chimeric algal nuclear gen...