We use the Earth Simulator to model seismic wave propagation resulting from large earthquakes on a global scale. Simulations are conducted based upon the spectral-element method, a high-degree finiteelement technique. We include the full complexity of the Earth, i.e., a three-dimensional seismic wave velocity and density structure, a 3-D crustal model, the elliptical figure of the Earth as well...

S U M M A R Y Lateral viscosity variations (LVVs) in the mantle influence geodynamic processes and their surface expressions. With the observed long-wavelength geoid, free-air anomaly, gravity gradient in three directions and discrete, high-accuracy residual topography, we invert for depthand temperature-dependent and tectonically regionalized mantle viscosity with a mantle flow model. The inve...

Recent seismological measurements of the Pacific oceanic structure have detected a positive correspondence between surface topography, seismic wave speed, and the geoid (gravitational potential). High seismic wave speed indicates cold material sinking, which pulls the surface downward. Thus, topographic lows are expected to correlate with seismic wave speed highs, contrary to the new seismic me...

In geodesy and geophysics, spherical-harmonic techniques are popular for modelling to7 pography and potential fields with ever-increasing spatial resolution. For ultra-high degree spherical 8 harmonic modelling, i.e. degree 10000 or more, classical algorithms need to be extended to avoid 9 underor overflow problems associated with the computation of Associated Legendre Functions 10 (ALFs). In t...

the three practical steps that are need to be taken by government agencies in order to increase irrigation efficiency include economic motivation for optimization of water use, modification of existing irrigation systems in the short term and modernization of traditional methods in the long-term plan. the present research aims at identifying farmers' knowledge regarding irrigation and water iss...

We present a technique to compress scalar functions defined on 2-manifolds of arbitrary topology. Our approach combines discrete wavelet transforms with zerotree compression, building on ideas from three previous developments: the lifting scheme, spherical wavelets, and embedded zerotree coding methods. Applications lie in the efficient storage and rapid transmission of complex data sets. Typic...

[1] The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission produced the most complete, highest-resolution digital elevation model of the Earth. The project was a joint endeavor of NASA, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, and the German and Italian Space Agencies and flew in February 2000. It used dual radar antennas to acquire interferometric radar data, processed to digital topographic data at 1 arc s...

Abstract Topography on a wet rocky exoplanet could raise land above its sea level. Although elevation is the product of many complex processes, large-scale topographic features any geodynamically active planet are expression convecting mantle beneath surface. This so-called “dynamic topography” exists regardless planet’s tectonic regime or volcanism; amplitude, with few assumptions, can be esti...

[1] The small footprint ( 70 m) and 172 m alongtrack spacing of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) provides unprecedented horizontal resolution for a satellite altimeter. This enables ICESat to map many previously unresolved features on ice shelves, such as crevasses, rifts, grounding zones and ice fronts. We present examples of ...