Currently, the reproductive mode of Indonesian endemic species Corbicula tobae from Lake Toba is yet to be investigated. In this study, we describe, for first time, based on a series topotype specimens, combining anatomical and histological data. According our data, C. dioecious species, incubating D-shaped larvae in inner demibranchs having monoflagellate sperm. The head spermatozoon differs t...

Elzalia bipectinellan. sp. and E. tuberculatan. sp. from Thailand are described and the males of three species from the Gulf of Mexico, E. federiciCastillo-Fernandez and Lambshead (1990), E. kimaeCastillo-Fernandez and Lambshead (1990), and E. poliCastillo-Fernandez and Lambshead (1990) are re-described from type and topotype specimens using light and scanning electron microscopy. New morpholog...

Isolates of yellow fever (YF) virus from Africa (Senegambia, Central African Republic, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso) and from South America (Panama, Ecuador, Trinidad) were examined by oligonucleotide fingerprinting of the 40S genome RNA. Geographically isolated and epidemiologically unrelated viruses were very distinct. On the basis of the T1 oligonucleotide fingerprints of each isolate, four geo...

In the Asia region, foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks are predominantly caused by FMD virus (FMDV) serotype O. The two main topotypes involved are ‘South-East Asia’ (SEA) and ‘Middle East – South Asia’ (ME-SA). FMDV of the SEA topotype (Mya-98 lineage) is widespread in South-East Asia and East Asia. FMD outbreaks due to serotype A have been sporadically observed in recent years. Serotype A...

Japan regained the status of freedom from foot and mouth disease (FMD) without vaccination in September 2000 and the Republic of Korea likewise obtained this status in September 2001. However, new outbreaks of FMD caused by the pan-Asian topotype have occurred in pigs in the Republic of Korea since May 2002. Taipei China has not experienced an outbreak of FMD since February 2001 and the country...

The full-genome sequence of the bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) strain Y863, the first BTV-1 isolate of Eastern origin found in China, was determined. The virus was isolated from sheep during a severe outbreak of bluetongue in Shizhong County, Yunnan Province, southwest China, in 1979. The total size of the BTV-1 strain Y863 genome is 19,170 bp. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that it bel...