The aim of present experiment was to investigate the feeding value of wild pistachio leaf (khinjuk leaf, KL) for Arabi sheep. The digestibility and fermentation of diets containing different amounts of khinjuk (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) were measured. Then, the effect of presence of KL in the diet and its tannin content on the digestibility of alfalfa hay (Alfa), wheat straw (WS) and soybea...

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the sustainable utilization of date palm leaves (DPL) and rice straw (RS) as feed materials for ruminants using an in vitro wireless gas production (GP) technique. Date RS were individually ensiled with lactic or malic acids at 5 g/kg DM 45 days. In a total mixed ration containing concentrate mixture, vegetable/fruits byproducts, untreated RS, bersee...

This study was conducted to determine the in vitro gas production (GP), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and energy values of ensiled white mulberry pomace (WMP), meadow grass (MG), mixtures two crops at three different ratios. The silages WMP/MG containing 100, 75, 50, 25, 0% WMP were evaluated by using ANKOMRF GP system. It observed that increasing levels enhanced GP. Whereas OMD value sil...

sustainable development of the production in every region requires consideration of energy flow in the production system, moreover, investigating the production system inputs from environmental management point of view is of high importance. in this study energy use and greenhouse gas emissions is investigated. data were collected through interviews with 75 tea farmers and comparing the results...

The effect of adding increasing levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 μl/75 ml buffered rumen fluid) of essential oils (EOs) to a basal substrate (50% roughage: 50% concentrate) on ruminal fermentation characteristics was evaluated in vitro by a semi automatic gas production (GP) technique. The EOs used were from Achillea santolina (AS25, AS50, AS75), Artemisia judaica (AJ25, AJ50, AJ75), Schinus terebenthi...

the aim of present experiment was to investigate the feeding value of wild pistachio leaf (khinjuk leaf, kl) for arabi sheep. the digestibility and fermentation of diets containing different amounts of khinjuk (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) were measured. then, the effect of presence of kl in the diet and its tannin content on the digestibility of alfalfa hay (alfa), wheat straw (ws) and soybea...

This study aims to provide possible utilization of sunflower head byproduct (SFH) as a feedstuff by implementing chemical pretreatments (4% sodium hydroxide (SFHNaOH) or 4% urea (SFHurea) and supplementation with either exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) functional feed additive (FFA). The experimental EFE was complex (1:1, v/v) two enzyme products high activity β-1,3-1,4-glucanase endo-1,4-β-D...

Genetic Programming (GP) provides evolutionary methods for problems with tree representations. A recent development in Genetic Algorithms (GAs) has led to principled algorithms called Estimation–of– Distribution Algorithms (EDAs). EDAs identify and exploit structural features of a problem’s structure during optimization. Here, we investigate the use of a specific EDA for GP. We develop a probab...

We investigated the effect of phytosterols on rumen fermentation in vitro using gas syringes as incubators. Phytosterols were dissolved in ethyl acetate (8.3%) and added at various concentrations to the common diet in rumen fluid. In vitro gas production (GP) was recorded after 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h incubation. Incubation was stopped at 6, 12, and 24 h and the inoculants were then tested for p...