in the iranians’ system of thought, the habitable cities had such great importance that their constructions were attributed to the kings especially the sasanians in the historical and geographical works and also in ferdowsi’s shāh-nāme. in the first part, this essay seeks to gather and classify various examples and analyze the construction model of cities and their specifications in ancient ira...

This paper provides a survey and guide to the literature relevant to urbanization and economic development. The paper starts with some basic facts and trends about urbanization worldwide. It then reviews the traditional twosector urban-rural model, but focuses on the modern version, Krugman’s coreperiphery model. However, two sector models do not capture the notion of an economy composed of man...

Despite a century of effort, our understanding of how cities evolve is still woefully inadequate. Recent research, however, suggests that cities are complex systems that mainly grow from the bottom up, their size and shape following well-defined scaling laws that result from intense competition for space. An integrated theory of how cities evolve, linking urban economics and transportation beha...

neighborhoods within the hierarchy of urban structure are one of the smallest socio-physical building blocks of cities. traditional neighborhoods of iranian historic cities benefited from strong social relations which were flourished over the years and were manifested in the neighborhoods centers. in the modern era, the new master plans and the complementary local plans have disintegrated these...

It is estimated that more than half of the world population lives in cities according to (UN forecasts, 2014), so cities are vital. Cities, as we all know facing with complex challenges – for smart cities the outdated traditional planning of transportation, environmental contamination, finance management and security observations are not adequate. The developing framework for smart-city require...

Urban metabolism analysis has become a useful and effective tool to explore urban socio-economic processes. In this research, in order to explore the similarities and differences of metabolic characteristics and variation rules of different types of resource-dependent cities, we selected two cities—Taiyuan and Jincheng, the capital and a traditional resource-dependent city of Shanxi province, r...

Today large amount of data is generated by cities. Many of the datasets are openly available and are contributed by different sectors, government bodies and institutions. The new data can affect our understanding of the issues faced by cities and can support evidence based policies. However usage of data is limited due to difficulty in assimilating data from different sources. Open datasets oft...

A social network is a set of people, organizations, or other social entities connected by a set of social relationships, such as friendship, co-working or information exchange to augment social network. While the traditional forms of social networks are often constrained geographically, the emergence of social information infrastructures mediated by information and communication technologies pr...

Wuhan and Pittsburgh, as a pair of Sino-US sister cities, are both important industrial cities of their countries in the history. Since 1970, Pittsburgh gradually transformed itself from an industrial city to a post-industrial city, impressively solved its pollution problems and became one of the most livable cities in the U.S. However, over the past decades, which may be called the global era,...