arches and vaults are of the most important parts of traditional buildings of iranian architecture. in the traditional architecture of iran, before oil was discovered, fuel (such as wood) was one of the high-ranking issues. therefore, iranian traditional architects did their best to reduce the use of wood. there was however, a revival of the use of brick in construction. qomi-poosh technology i...

Ethnopharmacological relevanceViticis Fructus (called Manjingzi in China) is the dried ripe fruits of plant species Vitex trifolia subsp. litoralis Steenis and L. family Lamiaceae. Viticis has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for thousands years to treat illness such colds, headache, vertigo, anesthesia, hyperkinesias. More chemical constituents medicinal effects have discovered with...

Objectives: This study aims to determine the traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) use in patients with knee osteoarthritis, by whom these methods are recommended, which provide best outcome, contribute awareness of physicians about TCM methods. Methods: One hundred four over age 40 who were diagnosed osteoarthritis had complaints for at least 6 months included study. The applications pr...