it is an intensive 1-day course for introducing utilizing transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) in an applied format. this technique is a noninvasive brain stimulation that uses direct electrical currents over the head to stimulate specific parts of the brain which modulates neuronal activity. it has strong potentiality in the field of medical and neuroscientific research. anodal stimu...

objective: recent studies on treating obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) have investigated noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) to improve patients’ impaired emotion and cognition. however, such experiments have yielded mixed results, especially with respect to cognition. this study aimed to investigate whether anodal and cathodal tdcs...

introduction: measuring the size of motor evoked potentials (meps) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) is an investigational technique to show the level of corticospinal excitability however, some of the fundamental methodological aspects of tms (such as the effects of inter-pulse intervals (ipi) on mep size) are not fully understood, this issue raises concerns about the reliabil...

The common aim of transcranial stimulation methods is the induction or alterations of cortical excitability in a controlled way. Significant effects of each individual stimulation method have been published; however, conclusive direct comparisons of many of these methods are rare. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of three widely applied stimulation methods inducing excit...

background: an imbalance of the cerebrovascular response during functional activation of the brain has been postulated as a factor in the pathophysiology of migraine. the purpose of this study was to determine the transcranial doppler sonography (tds) diagnostic value for the cerebral flow velocity changes in the interictal phase of classic migraine. methods: this study was carried out on 46 pa...

introduction: in this study we compared transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) elicited motor evoked potentials (meps) in a postural (bilateral low back extension: blbe) and a respiratory (forced expiration during breath holding: febh) task.methods: using tms of the left motor cortex, simultaneous patterns of corticospinal facilitation of the contralateral erector spinae (es) and rectus abdomi...

introduction: working memory plays a critical role in cognitive processes which are central to our daily life. neuroimaging studies have shown that one of the most important areas corresponding to the working memory is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlfpc). this study was aimed to assess whether bilateral modulation of the dlpfc using a noninvasive brain stimulation, namely transcranial di...

Objectives: To assess whether changes in brain microstructures associated with ageing and presence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) reduce the efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) improving mood in euthymic older adults. Methods: Using excitatory high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the effect on mood wa...

During the past 20 years, non-invasive brain stimulation has become an emerging field in clinical neuroscience due to its capability to transiently modulate corticospinal excitability, motor and cognitive functions. Whereas transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used extensively since more than two decades ago as a potential "neuromodulator", transcranial current stimulation (tCS) has more ...