background: plants are among promising and suitable platform systems for production of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins due to several features such as safety, no need for fermentation, inexpensive investment, and fast and easy scale-up. human insulin is one of the most widely used medicines in the world. up to now different expression systems including escherichia coli, yeast and cho hav...

Inducible virulence (vir) genes of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid are under control of a two-component regulatory system. In response to environmental factors (phenolic compounds, sugars, pH) VirA protein phosphorylates VirG, which in turn interacts with the promoters of other vir genes, causing induction. A mutation of virG, virGN54D (which codes for a Asn-54-->Asp a...

expansins are cell wall proteins that due to changes in ph, causing the expansion of the cell wall .these proteins are causing deformation of walls through loosening hydrogen bonds between the cellulose and polymer matrix microfibrils .in this study, a root specific gene called atexpa18 -that directly affect the formation of root hairs and also its role  have been proved in other parts of the p...

Transfer of foreign genes into plant cells can be accomplished by several methods: agrobacterium-mediated, microinjection, biolistic particle bombardment and electroporation. The last one is frequently used for transfection of plant protoplasts for transient gene expression. Electroporation is a simple procedure and allows transfecting a large number of cells at one time. Square wave-modulated ...

By using a binary vector system, we examined the requirements for border sequences in T-DNA transformation of plant genomes. Mini-T plasmids consisting of small replicons with different extents of pTiT37 T-DNA were tested for plant tumor-inducing ability in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 containing helper plasmid pAL4404 (which encodes virulence genes needed for T-DNA transfer). Assay...

background molecular farming is the production of important recombinant proteins in transgenic organisms on an agricultural scale. interferons are proteins with antiviral and antitumor activities and can be used for viral infections and cancers treatments. objectives this study reports the transformation of inf α2b gene in tobacco plant for the first time in iran. materials and methods interfer...

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can be defined as the acquisition of genetic material from another organism without being its offspring. HGT is common in the microbial world including archaea and bacteria, where HGT mechanisms are widely understood and recognized as an important force in evolution. In eukaryotes, HGT now appears to occur more frequently than originally thought. Many studies are ...