background: regarding to the significant of the possibility of the malaria epidemic and nuisance of mosquitoes dur­ing the active season, the fauna and some ecological activities of mosquitoes in related to tree holes were investi­gated from april to december 2009 in neka county of mazandaran province, northern iran. methods: larval collection was carried out from natural, artificial breeding p...

Growth stress in 9-y-old plantation-grown Eucalyptus dunnii was assessed by measuring longitudinal growth strain. Strain varied considerably (370–1560 μm–1) and was sufficiently heritable (h2 = 0.3–0.5) that tree breeding may be an effective way to reduce the incidence of growth stress in this species. Although the formation of longitudinal growth strain appears to be under strong genetic contr...

Traditional tree improvement programs start with deliberate phenotypic selection of candidate trees followed by rounds of recurrent selection characterized by cumulative incremental gain advancements. While effective, the process is elaborate, quantitatively oriented, and follows sophisticated breeding theories. Breeding and testing start with the selection of pre-determined mating designs, req...

Background Genomic selection (GS) involves selection decisions based on genomic breeding values estimated as the sum of the effects of genome-wide markers capturing most QTLs for the target trait(s). GS is revolutionizing breeding practice for complex trait in domestic animals. The same approach and concepts can be readily applied to forest tree breeding. Trees also have long generation times a...

The prediction of genetic gain from artificial selection in a trait is important plant and animal breeding. Lush’s classical breeder’s equation (BE) widely used for this purpose, although it also applied to predicting evolution under natural selection. current application high throughput sequencing techniques potentially allows breeders at the individual gene level capture both additive non-add...