Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in immune system. In the present study, the IL-10 gene of African clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) was first cloned, and its expression pattern and 3D structure were also analyzed. The frog IL-10 mRNA encoded 172 amino acids which possessed several conserved features found in IL-10s from other species, including five-...

The learning objectives of environmental education emphasize investigation in real life to enhance students’ skills and experiences solving practical problems. This study used the virtual reality (VR) technology develop a ecological environment for about Taipei tree frog, supported by situated game-based design interest motivation. Users can wear head-mounted display (HMD) explore frog’s behavi...

the dorsal skin of the iranian frog, rana ridibanda, is associated with numerous prominent granular glands which extract their secretions in the response to stressor or invading pathogens .the secretions have broad spectrum antimicrobial effects. in this research the effect of antimicrobial skin secretions from iranian frog (rana ridibanda) has been examined against gram positive methycillin re...