This study determined the relative sensitivity of five species of aquatic macrophytes and six species of algae to four commonly used herbicides (atrazine, metribuzin, alachlor, and metolachlor). Toxicity tests consisted of 96-h (duckweed and algae) or 14-d (submerged macrophytes) static exposures. The triazine herbicides (atrazine and metribuzin) were significantly more toxic to aquatic plants ...

Herbicides, Plastoquinone, MO Calculation, Photosystem II Molecular orbital calculations o f the net charge and the n charge distribution in several inhibitors and herbicides o f the functionally related group o f the diuron and dinoseb type are reported. They confirm the model that urea, aminotriazinone and triazine herbicides all have in common a positive ^-charge at a particular atom conside...

Polyaniline/Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and employed as a sorbent for the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of seven triazine herbicides from environmental water samples. The properties of the prepared magnetic sorbent were characterized using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetome...

Immunochemical assays for small molecules such as pesticides are rapidly gaining acceptance among analytical chemists. These techniques are rapid, sensitive, cost effective and can easily cope with large sample loads. This review lists the advantages and disadvantages of the technique and describes the steps in assay development using examples from this laboratory, particularly the thiocarbamat...

The herbicidal properties of sulfonylureas (SU's) were first reported in 1966 (Koog, 1966). The early SU's were derivatives of triazine herbicides. George Levitt of DuPont noted that SU's having aniline as the aryl group exhibited weak plant-growth regulatory activity while the aminopyrimidine derivative displayed very high biological activity (Levitt, 1983; Sauers and Levitt, 1984). Soon compa...

A new multi-residue method using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry electron ionization selective ion monitoring mode (SIM) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight 1,3,5-triazine herbicides such as 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine), ametryn, prometryn, propazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, and simazine simetryn in water soil samples. Quantification is done lindane (...

BACKGROUND Despite evidence of atrazine toxicity in developing organisms from experimental studies, few studies--and fewer epidemiologic investigations--have examined the potential effects of prenatal exposure. OBJECTIVES We assessed the association between adverse birth outcomes and urinary biomarkers of prenatal atrazine exposure, while taking into account exposures to other herbicides used...