The aim of this article is to review the possible mechanisms related to the pathophysiology and treatment of myofascial trigger points with the technique of dry needling. Muscles in general and myofascial trigger points (MTrP‟s) are a major source of persistent pain (Travell 1983). Myofascial pain is often associated with MTrP‟s in muscles, tendons and fascia (Sola 1990, Simons 1999).It is char...

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) constitutes a substantial portion of the pain spectrum, acute and chronic, as both the primary cause of disability, and as a complication arising from other problems such as failed low back surgery, cervical whiplash, overuse, or repetitive strain syndrome. MPS is a very specific type of muscular pain, and is not to be confused with fibromyalgia. It is common afte...

The proposed etiology of Travell trigger points (TrPs) has undergone a fundamental revision in recent years. New research results suggest that TrPs are evoked by the abnormal depolarization of motor end plates. This article expands the proposed etiology to include presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic mechanisms of abnormal depolarization (ie, excessive release of acetycholine [ACh], defects ...

INTRODUCTION The additive effect of tense pelvic-floor holding patterns, trauma, inflammation, or pelvic organ disease can overload the muscles, stimulating the development of myofascial trigger points and pelvic floor hypertonus. The increased tenderness and tension in these muscles may refer pain into the lower back, abdomen, or perineum, or it may cause urethral, vaginal, or anal symptoms by...