A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2008 April 2009 to estimate the prevalence of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, to assess the associated risk factors and to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern in Adama town, East Shoa, Ethiopia. From 102 markets oriented small holder dairy farms, a total of 300 lactating cows were tested for mastitis using the California...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes nosocomial infections. This bacterium is characterized by inherent resistance to a wide variety of antimicrobials; the inherent resistance is always mediated by antibiotic resistance genes (3, 10). A genetic element, the integron, is potentially a major agent in the dissemination of multidrug resistance among gram-negative ba...

Toxoplasmosis represents the most frequent complication affecting the CNS of AIDS patients. In Europe and South America the prevalence of toxoplasmosis is higher than in the United States (50-75% to 15%), so the risk for the AIDS-associated toxoplasmosis is higher in this area, including Romania. Most of the AIDS patients have immunoglobulin G antibodies anti-Toxoplasma in their serum, like in ...

Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare, life-threatening cutaneous severe adverse reactions (SCAR) most frequently induced by a drug hypersensitivity. The clinical manifestations seem to be related either to a particular group of drugs, such as antibacterial sulfonamides, anticonvulsant agents, allopurinol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), am...

764 www.thelancet.com Vol 383 March 1, 2014 Countries around the world face a perfect storm of converging threats that might substantially increase the risk from infectious disease epidemics, despite improvements in technologies, communication, and some health systems. New pathogens emerge each year, some of which have high mortality and the potential for effi cient transmission—eg, severe acut...

762 www.thelancet.com Vol 383 March 1, 2014 Melioidosis, dubbed the Vietnamese time bomb after reports of lengthy disease latency in war veterans, is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and manifests as acute, subacute, or chronic disease. Bacteraemic disease especially when associated with pneumonia is the most lethal form, especially if associated with septic shock, but infection with or with...

A 61-year-old female was admitted for fever and acute renal failure 6 weeks after receiving a kidney transplant. Her past medical history was notable for CKD stage 5 due to chronic idiopathic tubulointerstitial nephritis. This was diagnosed in 1998 when she presented with an elevated creatinine, sterile pyuria and proteinuria, and underwent native kidney biopsy confirming the diagnosis. She was...

BACKGROUND Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) typically affects immunocompetent, anatomically normal women. Escherichia coli (E. coli) accounts for approximately 80% of cases. Given increased E. coli-trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance, practice guidelines advocate first-line alternatives based on local resistance rates above 10%. This paper provides a model incorporatin...

Common treatments for nocardial infections include the sulfonamides used alone or in combination, e.g., trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, with amikacin, imipenem, or ceftriaxone. Treatment is especially difficult in cases involving the central nervous system or disseminated disease or with drug-resistant species such as Nocardia farcinica and Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (5). Sulfamethoxazole and daps...

Background. Risk factors for Nocardia infection in organ transplant recipients have not been formally assessed in the current era of transplantation. Methods. We performed a matched case-control study (1:2 ratio) between January 1995 and December 2005. Control subjects were matched for transplant type and timing. Univariate matched odds ratios were determined and conditional logistic regression...