Short-circuit current (I(sc)) and transepithelial conductance (Gt) were measured in guinea pig distal colonic mucosa isolated from submucosa and underlying muscle layers. Indomethacin (2 microM) and NS-398 (2 microM) were added to suppress endogenous production of prostanoids. Serosal addition of PGE2 (10 nM) stimulated negative I(sc) consistent with K secretion, and concentrations >30 nM stimu...

The aim of this study was to determine which PGE2 receptors and signal transduction pathways are responsible for the stimulation of oxygen uptake in liver. Hepatic parenchymal cells isolated from female Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated either with PGE2, 17-phenyl-omega-trinor PGE2 (an EP1-specific agonist), or 11-deoxy PGE1 (an EP2/EP4-specific agonist), and oxygen consumption was measured. B...

Qu, Wei, Lee M. Graves, and Ronald G. Thurman. PGE2 stimulates O2 uptake in hepatic parenchymal cells: involvement of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 40): G1048–G1054, 1999.—The aim of this study was to determine which PGE2 receptors and signal transduction pathways are responsible for the stimulation of oxygen uptake in liver. Hepatic parenc...

We tested the hypothesis that high prostaglandin levels during the perinatal period might regulate brain nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression. nNOS and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNAs were higher in brain cortex and the periventricular area of newborn rats and pigs compared with adult brain. Nitric oxide synthase activity was also 2.5- to 4-fold higher in newborn than in adult brain. Administra...

AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. We tested the hypothesis that activation of type 1 prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) receptor (EP1) increases skeletal muscle arteriolar tone and blood pressure in mice with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS In 12-week-old, male db/db mice (with homozygote mutati...

We investigated whether prostaglandins regulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the pig cerebral vasculature during the neonatal period. Prostaglandins, eNOS mRNA, eNOS protein, and NO production were higher in cerebral microvessels of newborn (1 day old) than in those of adult (6- to 8-month-old) pigs. The treatment of isolated cerebral microvessels of newborn animals with ibuprofe...

We recently demonstrated that conditioned media (CM) from osteocytes enhances myogenic differentiation of myoblasts, suggesting that signaling from bone may be important for skeletal muscle myogenesis. The effect of CM was closely mimicked by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a bioactive lipid mediator in various physiological or pathological conditions. PGE2 is secreted at high levels by osteocytes and...

To observe the characteristic changes of PGE2-EPs pathway and divergent functions of PGE2 receptor subtypes on neuronal injury. The primary cultured rat hippocampus neuron injury model was established via aluminum maltolate (100 μM). The aluminum-overload neurons were treated with the agonists of EP1 (17-phenyl trinor Prostaglandin E2 ethyl amide), EP2 (Butaprost), EP3 (Sulprostone) and EP4 (CA...

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a mast cell-derived mediator that seems to play a role in asthma and allergic diseases. It is the only primary prostanoid to activate human eosinophils, which it accomplishes through the DP2 receptor/chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cells (CRTH2). In addition, PGD2 has both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects via the ...

PGE(2) is a well-known inhibitor of the antidiuretic hormone-induced increase of osmotic water permeability (OWP) in different osmoregulatory epithelia; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect of PGE(2) are not completely understood. Here, we report that, in the frog Rana temporaria urinary bladder, EP(1)-receptor-mediated inhibition of arginine-vasotocin (AVT)-induced OWP by PGE(2) is a...