CONTEXT An increasing number of compact pickup trucks can accommodate restrained rear occupants. Rear seats in these pickup trucks are exempt from regulatory safety testing though their relative safety has not been determined. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk of injury to children in compact extended-cab pickup trucks compared with children in other vehicles and to determine if any unique haza...

This paper describes the use of a formal approach to logistics management systems to reduce the environmental impact of logistics operations. Trucks play an essential role as carriers in modern logistics services, but collectively they emit a huge quantity of carbon dioxide. To reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions resulting from transport, we must enhance the transport ef...

We introduce a package service model where trucks as well as drones can deliver packages. Drones can travel on trucks or fly; but while flying, drones can only carry one package at a time and have to return to a truck to charge after each delivery. We present a heuristic algorithm to solve the problem of finding a good schedule for all drones and trucks. The algorithm is based on two nested loc...

Forklift trucks are a basic element in material handling and will help to control the flow of goods in the future. This paper outlines how forklift trucks with integrated RFID hardware can be deployed in warehouse IT systems. Forklift trucks will be able to communicate with management assistant systems by means of RFID and WLAN. Goods carriers like pallets and pallet cages are equipped with RFI...

the problem of staff scheduling at a truck hub for loading and stripping of the trucks is an important and difficult problem to optimize the labor efficiency and cost. the trucks enter the hub at different hours a day, in different known time schedules and operating hours. in this paper, we propose a goal programming to maximize the labor efficiency via minimizing the allocation cost. the propo...

BACKGROUND Direct and indirect contact among animals and holdings are important in the spread of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of slaughterhouse vehicles in spreading B. hyodysenteriae between unconnected farms. RESULTS Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Multiple Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) were used to character...

Emission factors for black carbon (BC) and particle number (PN) were measured from 226 individual heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks driving through a 1-km-long California highway tunnel in August 2006. Emission factors were based on concurrent increases in BC, PN, and CO2 concentrations (measured at 1 Hz) that corresponded to the passage of individual HD trucks. The distributions of BC and PN emiss...

In order to reduce costs and increase efficiency of a supply chain system, cross docking is one of the most important strategies of warehousing for consolidation shipments from different suppliers to different customers. Products are collected from suppliers by inbound trucks and then moved to customers by outbound trucks through cross dock. Scheduling of trucks plays important role in the cros...

At cross docking terminals, products from incoming trucks are sorted according to their destinations and transferred to outgoing trucks using a small temporary storage. Such terminals allow companies to reduce storage and transportation costs in a supply chain. This paper focuses on the operational activities at cross docking terminals. We consider the trucks scheduling problem with the objecti...

In this paper we deal with shift scheduling of tank trucks for a small oil company. Given are a set of tank trucks with different characteristics and a set of drivers with different skills. The objective is to assign a feasible driver to every shift of the tank trucks such that legal and safety restrictions are satisfied, the total working times of the drivers are within desired intervals, requ...