UNLABELLED Populations of RNA viruses can spontaneously produce variants that differ in genome size, sequence, and biological activity. Defective variants that lack essential genes can nevertheless reproduce by coinfecting cells with viable virus, a process that interferes with virus growth. How such defective interfering particles (DIPs) change in abundance and biological activity within a vir...

Many natural and economical phenomena are described through power law or log-normal distributions. In these cases, probability decreases very slowly with step size compared to normal distribution. Thus it is essential to cut-off these distributions for larger step size. Recently we introduce the gradually truncated power law distribution to successfully describe variation of financial, educatio...

The Pareto distribution is a simple model for nonnegative data with a power law probability tail. In many practical applications, there is a natural upper bound that truncates the probability tail. This paper derives estimators for the truncated Pareto distribution, investigates their properties, and illustrates a way to check for fit. We illustrate these methods with applications from finance,...

This paper introduced the truncated versions of the Lindley distribution and studied the characteristics of the proposed distributions with showing the monotonicity of the density and hazard functions. The statistical proprieties such as moments, quantile function and order statistics are also discussed. The maximum likelihood estimators are constructed for estimating the unknown parameters of ...