The ergodic hypothesis is a basic hypothesis typically invoked in atmospheric surface layer (ASL) experiments. The ergodic theorem of stationary random processes is introduced to analyse and verify the ergodicity of atmospheric turbulence measured using the eddy-covariance technique with two sets of field observational data. The results show that the ergodicity of atmospheric turbulence in atmo...

We perform experiments to study the inverse cascade regime of gravity wave turbulence on the surface of a fluid. Surface waves are forced at an intermediate scale corresponding to the gravity-capillary wavelength. In response to this forcing, waves at larger scales are observed. The spectrum of their amplitudes exhibits a frequency-power law at high enough forcing. Both observations are ascribe...

The proposed universality of small scale turbulence is investigated for a set of measurements in a cryogenic free jet with a variation of the Reynolds number (Re) from 8500 to 10(6) (max(R(lambda) approximately 1200). The traditional analysis of the statistics of velocity increments by means of structure functions or probability density functions is replaced by a new method which is based on th...

Multiscale gyrokinetic turbulence simulations with the real ion-to-electron mass ratio and β value are realized for the first time, where the β value is given by the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure and characterizes electromagnetic effects on microinstabilities. Numerical analysis at both the electron scale and the ion scale is used to reveal the mechanism of their cross-scale int...

Despite decades of investigations, there is still no consensus on whether inertial particles augment or dampen turbulence. Here, we perform the first experimental study in which particle concentration varied systematically across a broad range volume fractions $\varPhi _{v}$ , from nominally one-way coupled to heavily two-way regimes, keeping all other parameters constant. We utilize zero-mean ...

The deviations Scm (“intermittency corrections”) from classical (“K41”) scaling c,==m/3 of the mth moments ( 1 u(p) I”) in high Reynolds number turbulence are calculated, extending a method to approximately solve the Navier-Stokes equation described earlier. It is suggested to introduce the notion of scale resolved intermittency corrections Sk,(p), because these &L&(p) are found to be large in ...

a full scale physical model of a thin slab caster with a four-hole design submerged entry nozzle (sen) was constructed. on the basis of the dimensionless reynolds and froude similitude criteria, the fluid flow in a full-scale model is similar to that of the actual system and, hence, the data obtained from the water model can be applied to the actual system. in order to determine the optimum ope...

If the galaxy is born with a very weak seed eld, magnetic energy starts growing rapidly on scales smaller than the smallest turbulent eddies in the interstellar medium (ISM). The small scale eld acts like a tangled network of rubber bands, making the ISM elastic to large scale motions. The hydrodynamic shear modes of the interstellar turbulence, which start out with zero frequency, become Alfve...

Brown dwarfs and giant gas planets are substellar objects whose spectral appearance is determined by the chemical composition of the gas and the solids/liquids in the atmosphere. Atmospheres of substellar objects possess two major scale regimes: large-scale convective motions + gravitational settling and small-scale turbulence + dust formation. Turbulence initiates dust formation spot-like on s...