in he present study,i explain how the great logician qazwini, dabiran al-katibi (600-675 ad)questioned a well accepted “complete inclusion” rule with a counterexample in modal logic (concearning with, possibility and contingency).this rule demonstrates a vise versa relation between contradictories of two universal concepts when a “complete inclusion” relation exists between them.two letters by ...

This article describes the combination of culture, school and pe- dagogical heritage in didactic treatises created Maveraunnahr Kho-rasan until end 12th first half 14th centuries. In particular, works Najmiddin Kubro, Fariduddin Attar, Orif Revgari, Muslihiddin Saadi, Awfi Bukhari, Sayfiddin Bokharzi, Nasiriddin Tusi, Jalaluddin Rumi, Aziziddin Nasafi, Pahlavan Mahmud, Nasiruddin Burhanuddin Ra...

We develop a notion of derivative of a real-valued function on a Banach space, called the L-derivative, which is constructed by introducing a generalization of Lipschitz constant of a map. As with the Clarke gradient, the values of the L-derivative of a function are non-empty weak* compact and convex subsets of the dual of the Banach space. The L-derivative, however, is shown to be upper semi c...

We discuss an extension of the almost Hadamard matrix formalism, to the case of complex matrices. Quite surprisingly, the situation here is very different from the one in the real case, and our conjectural conclusion is that there should be no such matrices, besides the usual Hadamard ones. We verify this conjecture in a number of situations, and notably for most of the known examples of real a...

Miskawayh (d.1030), through his famous book on ethics, Tahdhib al-Akhlaq (The Refinement of Character), has separated ethics from other disciplines, offering a very thorough analytical system Islamic ethics. His was thus occupying prominent place in this particular branch ethical literature. It is scarcely an exaggeration to say that most the later works deal with subject such as those by al-Gh...

Salah satu tugas pokok dan fungsi (tusi) Pustekkom-Kemdikbud sesuai amanah dari peraturan menteri pendidikan nasional (Permendiknas) nomor 23 Tahun 2005 tentang organisasi tata kerja Pusat-Pusat di lingkungan Depdiknas,Permendiknas 38 2008 pengelolaan TIK Depdiknas Permendiknas 10 tahun 2010, adalah sebagai lembaga yang memberikan layanan Pusat Sumber Belajar (PSB) berbasis kepada masyarakat. P...

The valuable book of policy written by Nazam al-Mulk Tusi (author the fifth century AH) is one most beautiful and books Iranian culture, which a kind indicator great civilization ancient Iranians. And it necessary to introduce this world. In every era Persian literature, society utmost importance. prose poetic literature can be source social themes، customs aspects anthropology observed. One Po...

being an outstanding hadith transmitter of sunni hadith collections as well as narrating some hadiths in shiite collections while having some relation with shiite fourth, fifth, and sixth imams on the one hand and occupying various posts for 45 years in marwanid court on the other, zuhri played a significant role in organizing and writing down hadiths. such a background caused contradictory jud...