data envelopment analysis is a nonparametric technique checking efficiency of dmus using math programming. in conventional dea, it has been assumed that the status of each measure is clearly known as either input or output. kao and hwang (2008) developed a data envelopment analysis (dea) approach for measuring efficiency of decision processes which can be divided into two stages. the first stag...

optimal allocation of water resources is an essential service in agriculture that must be considered by farmers. one of the most significant factors in optimal allocation of water resources in agriculture is to define optimal farm cropping pattern. in this study, in order to determine optimal cropping pattern and water resources allocation in central district of mashhad city (toos village), the...

Development of every society is incumbent upon energy sector’s technological and economic effectiveness. The electricity industry is a growing and needs to have a better performance to effectively cover the demand. The industry requires a balance between cost and efficiency through careful design and planning. In this paper, a two-stage stochastic programming model is presented for the design o...