The involvement of Tylenchorhynchus clarus in plant disease is reported. Addition of a suspension of surface-axenized nematodes reduced top and root growth of alfalfa. Reproduction of T. clarus was greater at 24 and 27 than at 21 C. The interaction of nematodes with temperature did not produce significant effects on alfalfa growth in the 4.5-mo experimental period. T. clarus fed endo- and ectop...

The use of swarming Tylenchorhynchus martini nematodes provided a rapid and efficient in vitro method for the study of nematode orientation mechanisms as affected by chemical stimuli. Orientation of the nematodes occurred in concentration gradients diffusing from agar discs containing 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 M of both AlCln and CdCL>, and 0.25 M of NH..C1. Attraction of the nematodes did not occur at t...

Short-chain fatty acids can be produced under anaerobic conditions by fermentative soil microbes and have nematicidal properties. We evaluated the effects of butyric and propionic acids on death and recovery of stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp.), a common parasite of turfgrass. Nematodes in a sand-soil mix (80:20) were treated with butyric or propionic acid and incubated under air or N for...

Seven species of plant parasitic nematodes were found to be associated with leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) in central Florida. Of these, Pratylenchus penetrans, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, and Criconemoides curvatum were commonly encountered. Nematode communities generally included two or three species of plant parasitic nematodes, with greatest diversity in nematode species occurring ...

Studies on the structure of the cuticle of Tylenchorhynchus martini swarmers with electron microscopes revealed abnormal disruptive and eruptive morphological changes in most layers. Drastic effects of swarming on cuticular structure were reflected in the partial dissolution of cortical layer and matrix and in the irregular cracking of cortical sublayers in sublateral areas of the body. The occ...

Greenhouse and growth chamber studies were made to investigate the downward systemic nematicidal activity of carbofuran and its analog 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl [(di-n-butyl)-4-aminosulfenyl] carbamate against Meloidogyne incognita, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, and Pratylenchus penetrans. Oxamyl was used as standard in tests with T. claytoni. Both carbofuran and its analog reduced a...

Studies were conducted to investigate the basipetal translocation of nematicidal activity from foliar treatments of carbofuran and its analog, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl ([dibutylamino]thio)methyl carbamate, on corn in microplot studies and on tobacco and potato in field trials. Two and three foliar applications of either product at 2,400 mug/ml (9-20 Kg ai/Ha) significantly reduce...

Field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to examine the population fluctuation patterns of Tylenchorhynchus nudus, Criconemella curvata, and Helicotylenchus cornurus in mixed bentgrass and annual bluegrass putting greens on two golf courses near Chicago, Illinois, to determine if fluctuation patterns could be extrapolated to unsampled greens. Fenamiphos-treated and untreated plots were...