Achatina togoensis is a giant land snail taxa endemic to the northern sectors of Monts Togo, which has been regarded as full species or subspecies highly variable, widespread A. achatina (L.). To address this issue, samples snails were taken throughout distribution range two in Dahomey Gap (West Africa) and separated into 112 141 according color columella parietal wall. Radulae compared shell c...

The ability of Aspergillus caelatus, a species in Aspergillus section Flavi, to produce synnemata and sclerotia was investigated. Forty-eight isolates of A. caelatus differed widely in their production of synnemata and sclerotia; 83% of the isolates produced varying numbers of synnemata and sclerotia, and 17% produced neither sclerotia nor synnemata. Most strains produced synnemata and mostly s...

Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst, a medicinal mushroom known for antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities is not practiced in Nigeria. Tree species used cultivation Asia, America Europe are available The present study investigated indigenous hardwoods their supplementation with rice wheat bran as substrates its cultivation. Six (Mansonia altis...

Growing concerns about energy security and environmental sustainability have fueled demand for sustainable renewable sources in recent years. Biodiesel, a alternative to conventional fuels, has gained significant attention as potential source of energy. However, the stability biodiesel during storage its susceptibility oxidation remain major challenges. To address these issues, researchers turn...

Conceptual models suggest a link between spatial heterogeneity, diversity, and resilience, but few empirical studies exist to demonstrate such an ecological relationship. In this study, we investigated the nature of spatial heterogeneity and resilience of two forest fragments from Madagascar’s highly endangered littoral forest, and two nearby sites in the surrounding ericoid grassland. This eco...

a r t i c l e i n f o Pollen records from Lake Malawi, Africa spanning the last 135 kyr show substantial and abrupt vegetation response to multiple episodes of extreme aridity between 135 and 75 ka. Peaks in both the relative abundance and total production of Podocarpus pollen define the first two of these drought episodes. From 135 to 127 and again from 117 to 105 kyr BP, Podocarpus percentage...