A variety of techniques for extracting carotenoids from the marine Thraustochytrium sp. ONC-T18 was compared. Specifically, the organic solvents acetone, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether were tested, along with direct and indirect ultrasonic assisted extraction (probe vs bath) methods. Techniques that used petroleum ether/acetone/water (15:75:10, v/v/v) with 3 h of agitation, or 5 min in an u...

Freon-TF is no better a cleaning fluid than deionized water for removing either organic (polystyrene latex spheres) or inorganic (glass beads) particles from silicon wafer surfaces, as shown by comparative measurements of cleaning efficiencies in both an ultrasonic bath and a hydrodynamic cleaning apparatus. A primary reason for this lackluster performance is the higher van der Waals’ forces of...

The cleaning process in the surface mount assembly line of power modules had been found to insufficiently remove solder flux residue from printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies after the process of reflow soldering. This thesis details the development of an optimized cleaning process that effectively removes solder flux residue from PCB assemblies. The first stage of this study involves the exp...

Ultrasonic radiative transfer in polycrystalline media: Effects of a fluid–solid interface" (1995). In previous derivations of the ultrasonic radiative transfer equation ͑URTE͒ for the modeling of multiply scattered diffuse ultrasound in polycrystalline media, the boundary conditions appropriate to experiments performed in a water bath were not used. In the present work, this fluid–solid boundary...

In this study, the synthesis of Mn(3)O(4) (husmannite) nanoparticles was carried out in two different alkali media under sonication by ultrasonic bath and conventional method. Manganese acetate was used as precursor, sodium hydroxide and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) as basic reagents in this synthesis. An ultrasonic bath with low intensity was used for the preparation of nanomaterials. The as p...

This study investigates the flotation performance of a representative hard coal slime sample (d80 particle size of minus 0.2 mm) obtained from the Prosper-Haniel coal preparation plant located in Bottrop, Germany. Flotation was carried out with a newly designed flotation cell refurbished from an old ultrasonic cleaning bath (2.5 L volume) equipped with a single frequency (35 kHz) and two differ...

The two most characteristic properties of an ultrasonic wave are the frequency and the power. It is therefore important to determine the power in a given reactor. This can be done by calorimetry, i.e. by measuring the temperature rise in the vessel during sonication starting at thermal equilibrium with the surroundings (classic calorimetry) [1-3]. However, the classic ultrasonic calorimetry has...