This paper discusses the problem of clay shale in construction and need for its improvement. The use geopolymer as a sustainable environmentally friendly solution soil stabilization is presented an alternative to cement-based stabilization. Geopolymers are inorganic aluminum-silicates formed by silicon aluminum can be easily found materials such fly ash mixed with sodium hydroxide silicate. suc...

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is a waste generated by the edible oil industry that currently has limited options for beneficial reuse. In excess of ∼2 million tonnes per year of SBE is generated world-wide with major quantities available in the middle-east where significant volumes of edible oils are produced. Low pressure compaction followed by heat treatment at 150°C causes polymerisation of th...

Two soils spiked with lead at different rates were stabilised/solidified using Portland cement and fly ash at different soil:binder ratios and tested for their setting time, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), leachability and durability. Results show that soil texture, percentage of binders and lead concentration play an important part in the treatment, significantly influencing the perform...