In underbalanced drilling (UBD), the bottom hole pressure is kept below pore pressure, causing pressure-dependent influx of reservoir gas into wellbore that makes system unstable at low drawdowns. this article, we propose a feedback controller which stabilizes system, represented by “reduced drift flux model (DFM),” around an arbitrary setpoint, while using only topside measurement and assuming...

Heat, generated during the drilling of a dental implant site preparation, leads to a temperature rise and consequently to a thermal injury of the bone tissue surrounding the implant site, which can cause the subsequent implant failure. In this article, we present new findings related to the temperature rise during implant site drilling under real conditions on a bovine rib bone specimen. The ex...

The dual native chemical ligation at lysine strategy was revised by replacing the acid-labile Cbz protecting group with photolabile NVOC at the 4-mercaptolysine side chain. The optimized strategy was subsequently applied to the synthesis of K48-linked diubiquitin.

Lys48-linked polyubiquitin chains are recognized by the proteasome as a tag for the degradation of the attached substrates. Here, a new crystal form of Lys48-linked diubiquitin (Ub2) was obtained and the crystal structure was refined to 1.6 A resolution. The structure reveals an ordered isopeptide bond in a trans configuration. All three molecules in the asymmetric unit were in the same closed ...

Linkage-specific DUBs employ different mechanisms to recognize and cleave polyubiquitin chains of specific linkage types. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Flierman et al. (2016) develop a new family of novel non-hydrolyzable diubiquitin probes that will be valuable tools to study how DUBs achieve specificity.

We present the development of a native chemical ligation handle that also functions as a masked electrophile that can be liberated during synthesis when required. This handle can thus be used for the synthesis of complex activity-based probes. We describe the use of this handle in the generation of linkage-specific activity-based deubiquitylating enzyme probes that contain substrate context and...

OBJECTIVE HLA-DRB1*03-DQB1*0201/DRB1*04-DQB1*0302 (DR3/4-DQ8) siblings who share both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes identical-by-descent with their proband siblings have a higher risk for type 1A diabetes than DR3/4-DQ8 siblings who do not share both MHC haplotypes identical-by-descent. Our goal was to search for non-DR/DQ MHC genetic determinants that cause the additional r...