Jakarta is sinking dramatically because of land subsidence, which in turn increases its vulnerability to tidal flooding. The explanation subsidence’s causes and the design solutions led by geoscientists engineers, who tend treat it as largely a technical problem. This paper takes issue with this. It sets out contribute politicizing subsidence analysing part sociospatial socionatural transformat...

There are large discrepancies among estimates of the cropland area in China due to the lack of reliable data. In this study, we used Landsat TM/ ETM data at a spatial resolution of 30 m to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of cropland across China for the time period of 1990–2000. Our estimate has indicated that total cropland area in China in 2000 was 141.1 million hectares (ha), inclu...

Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) has gradually became an important direction in the research of global changes. LUCC is a complex system, and entropy is a measure of the degree of disorder of a system. According to land use information entropy, this paper analyzes changes in land use from the perspective of the system. Research on the entropy of LUCC structures has a certain “guiding role” for the ...

Growing crops for bio-fuels is often criticized because of its direct competition for land for food production. The recent price increases on world food markets are partly a result of this competition. For instance, cereals prices have increased by more than 60% percent since 2005 and in 2006 sugar prices peaked on a level twice as high as the level of previous years. There are concerns whether...

Urban sprawl has been at the center of current debate on urban structure. Compared to the rich literature on urban sprawl in Western cities, relatively little is known about whether Chinese urban expansion is excessive or inefficient. This paper provides an integrated analysis of two seemingly contradictory phenomena in China’s urban development in recent two decades, namely development zones a...

hyrcanian forests are the most valuable forests in the north of iran and industrial harvesting occurs only in this area. it is a productive region near the southern coast of caspian sea. in these forests mixed beech stands mostly shown uneven-aged structure that is managed under selection system. in order to determine the priority of uneven aged method not only from an ecological view, but also...

salinity affects the yield and quality of fruits crops as result of modifying water and nutrient uptake. in split root system, it should be possible to reduce the deleterious effect of salinity on the plant growth. therefore, an experiment was conducted on strawberry with different concentration of nacl (0, 30, 60 and 90 mm) in a completely randomized blocks design in studding hydroponic greenh...

A system of equations modeling the growth and development of uneven-aged short leaf pine ’ (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands is described. The prediction system consists of two main components: (1) a . dis tanceindependent , individualtree s imulator containing equat ions that forecast ingrowth, basal-area growth, probabi l i ty of survival , total and merchantable heights , and total and merchanta...

Though development of a practical walking robot is not easy at all, walking robots have many practical advantages resulting from moving functions peculiar to this type of robots including excellent moving characteristics and working characteristics on uneven land. Paying special attention to the encouraging possibility of the walking robot, the authors have been continuing research and developm...

Changes in land use may lead to increased soil nutrient levels in many ecosystems (e.g. due to intensification of agricultural fertilizer use). Plant species differ widely in their response to differences in soil nutrients, and for savannas it is uncertain how this nutrient enrichment will affect plant community dynamics. We set up a large controlled short-term experiment in a semi-arid savanna...