Nutrient inputs from rivers play an important role in lake eutrophication. To compare the forms characteristics of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in rivers flowing through rural and urban areas, water samples were collected seasonally from five urban rivers and six rural rivers flowing to Lake Chaohu, China. Higher total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), soluble reactive phosphorus...

Puget Sound is an estuarine inland sea fed by 14 major rivers and also strongly influenced by the nearby Fraser River. A comprehensive, particle-based reanalysis of an existing circulation model was used to map the area of influence of each of these rivers over a typical seasonal cycle. Each of the 131,000 particles released in the 15 rivers was associated with a freshwater volume, a nutrient l...

in this work, a numerical study of sheet cavitation has been performed on dtmb4119 marine propellers, using boundary element method (based on potential flow assumption). in propeller design, various parameters of geometry and flow are incorporated. so, a computer program is needed to take all parameters into account and solve the flow. capability of analyzing the wetted and cavitating flow arou...

the identification of different species of simuliidae, also called “black fly”, is based on particular structure of oral and terminal appendages of their larvae add also on the special morphology of adults and pupaes. because of their considerable flight range, the problem of finding their resting places, and also the difficulties of collecting the adult flies, breeding of this insect, in the l...

abstract one of the most important sources of drinking and agricultural water needs is rivers. one of the oldest methods of getting water from rivers that still has the greatest use is the gravity intake. in this type of intake, due to the disproportionate velocity at the upstream and downstream mouth of intake, occur flow separation and following sedimentation at the upstream mouth. in this st...

Rivers can shape diverse landscapes, determine the spatial connectivity of river and terrestrial life, provide a variety resources services. are often over-bound due to need for flood control irrigation. affected by human disturbance require restoration improve ecosystem services they provide. Environmental heterogeneity is generally considered be non-uniform variation environmental elements in...

rivers are one of the major resources of drinking and agriculture water, so accurate control and modeling of their water quality is essential for protection of human health and environment stability. transient storage zones have a great effect on contaminant transport, especially in small mountain streams. the main effects include temporary detainment of solute and decrease its concentration in...

This chapter presents a range of key concepts that enable natural rivers to be understood as complex flows of water and sediment that interact and often result in changes to the channel shape. The implications for salmon fisheries and invertebrates are also considered. Rivers are linear features and so it might be supposed that the flow hydraulics would be unidirectional and relatively simple t...