Nrf-2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that is activated by an oxidative signal in the cytoplasm but has a critical cysteine that must be reduced to bind to DNA in the nucleus. The glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems have overlapping functions in thiol/disulfide redox control in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and it is unclear whether these are redundant or have unique...

CpG island promoters often lack canonical core promoter elements such as the TATA box, and have dispersed transcription initiation sites. Despite the prevalence of CpG islands associated with mammalian genes, the mechanism of transcription initiation from CpG island promoters remains to be clarified. Here we investigate the mechanism of transcription initiation of the CpG island-associated gene...

The BMB Reports would like to correct in the reference of BMB Rep. 48(9), 531-536 titled "Gecko proteins induce the apoptosis of bladder cancer 5637 cells by inhibiting Akt and activating the intrinsic caspase cascade". The ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS should be corrected as follows, "This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2010-0009086, NRF-2012R1A1A2039992, and 2012M3A9C...

The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) maintains homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and defends against ER stress, an underlying factor in various human diseases. During the UPR, numerous genes are activated that sustain and protect the ER. These responses are known to involve the canonical UPR transcription factors XBP1, ATF4, and ATF6. Here, we show in C. elegans that the conserved st...

BACKGROUND/AIM The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk score (TRS), and the TIMI risk index (TRI) have been reported in coronary artery disease patients. We investigated whether admission TRI is associated with no-reflow (NRF) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patien...

We observed that interaction of secondary necrotic (sn) cells with human serum or plasma leads to loss of DNA staining. The decrease turned out to be a result of nucleosome release and was specific for apoptotic cells as necrotic cells did not show this phenomenon. We named this activity in plasma nucleosome releasing factor (NRF). NRF activity was completely inhibited by trypsin inhibitors sug...

We demonstrated recently that expression of the UDP- N -acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N -acetylgalactosaminyltrans-ferase-3 (GalNAc-T3) gene is restricted to epithelial glands [Nomoto, Izumi, Ise, Kato, Takano, Nagatani, Shibao, Ohta, Imamura, Kuwano, Matsuo, Yamada, Itoh and Kohno (1999) Cancer Res. 59, 6214-6222]. In the present study, we show that sodium butyrate treatment of hum...

To understand the transcriptional regulation of p73 by promoter methylation and Nrf-2 in breast carcinogenesis, ChIP assay indicated that Nrf-2 can bind to both promoters and can activate the transcription of TAp73 and ΔNp73 in MCF-7 cell line, knockdown of Nrf-2 gene resulted in an abrogation of TAp73 and ΔNp73 expression in the cells transfected with sh-Nrf-2 as well as Nrf-2 knock out mouse ...