1 The Global Health Network, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2 Drugs for Neglected Disease Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland, 3 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., United ...

When a sufficiently high proportion of a population is immunized with a vaccine, reduction in secondary transmission of disease can confer significant protection to unimmunized population members. We propose a straightforward method to estimate the degree of this indirect effect of vaccination in the context of a community-randomized vaccine trial. A conditional logistic regression model that a...

We report a clinical failure of a pneumococcal vaccine in a patient who developed pneumococcal pneumonia. In 2008, an 85-year-old Italian woman was admitted to the Respiratory Disease Unit of a hospital in Southern Italy. The 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine had been administered to the patient 50 days earlier. The chest x-ray disclosed a right basal bronchopneumonic focus. Streptococcus Pneumoni...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the attenuated live vaccine administration before and after liver transplantation. This carried out at Child Health Surveillance Unit Social Pediatrics Department. Besides healthy children, children with special needs are being followed-up Unit. Each child has a personal health record in unit. records patients who had received transplantation under 1 year a...

1 Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America, 2 James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America, 3 Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America, 4 Departm...

The peptides vaccines are composed of the twenty genetically coded amino acids generally exist as an ensemble of different conformational states in solution. The induction of folded conformations in short peptide vaccine sequences may be achieved by the incorporation of stereochemically constrained non-coded amino acids. The aim of this review briefly provides basic understanding of method of v...

BAckground Thermal stability (TS) is a part of the BCG vaccine characterization by which the consistency of process in BCG vaccine production could be confirmed. To enhance the TS of the vaccine, some prevalent stabilizers in different concentrations were added to the final formulation of BCG bulk prior to Freeze-drying process. We found a formulation more effective than the current stabilizer ...

The present study evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum as a probiotic on the growth performance and haematological parameters of juvenile rainbow trout (O. mykiss) weighing 29.6±1.8 g immunized with streptococcus/lactococcus vaccine. Fish were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups consisting of fish fed with the probiotic  supplemented in diet (group P), fish immunized with streptoc...

Aims: To describe trends in case notification data for vaccine-preventable diseases in NSW for 2009. Methods: Risk factor and vaccination status data was collected from cases through public health unit follow-up. Data from the NSW Notifiable Diseases Database were analysed by: area health service of residence; age; vaccination status; and sub-organism, as appropriate for the period 1991–2009. R...

Sir Influenza vaccines are safe and have the potential to prevent significant morbidity and mortality 1 . Healthcare Workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of influenza infection 2 . There are many reports of influenza outbreaks where unvaccinated HCWs have infected patients and facilitated onward spread of infection 3,4 . Vaccinating HCWs reduces influenza-related morbidity and mortality in vacc...