Extraction of natural gas by hydraulic fracturing of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale, a major gas-bearing unit in the Appalachian Basin, results in significant quantities of produced water containing high total dissolved solids (TDS). We carried out a strontium (Sr) isotope investigation to determine the utility of Sr isotopes in identifying and quantifying the interaction of Marcellus Form...

Tetrapod fossil tracks are known from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian at ca. 397 million years ago--MYA), and their earliest bony remains from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian at 375-385 MYA). Tetrapods are now generally considered to have colonized land during the Carboniferous (i.e., after 359 MYA), which is considered to be one of the major events in the history of life. Our analysis on tetrapod e...

During the Devonian, Svalbard Archipelago lay at low latitudes, occupying a paleogeographic position intersection of Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogens. Provenance analysis, including detrital zircon U-Pb age studies, Devonian (ca. 420–360 Ma) strata from Andrée Land Basin, Svalbard, help reconstruct sediment sources to understand assembly three basement provinces that make up which are present...

9. Gardiner, B. G. The relationships of the palaeoniscid ®shes, a review based on new specimens of Mimia and Moythomasia from the Upper Devonian of Western Australia. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Geol.) 37, 173±428 (1984). 10. Young, G. C. New information on the structure and relationships of Buchanosteus (Placodermi: Euarthrodira) from the Early Devonian of New South Wales. Zool. Jour. Linn. S...

Pollen organ Telangiopsis sp., associated with but not attached to vegetative fronds, has been collected from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Wutong Formation, Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, China. Fertile axes with terminal pollen organs are dichotomous for 2-4 times and may be proximally attached by fragmentary pinnules. Pollen organs are synangiate and borne on the top of a short stalk. Syna...

Mesacanthus is a common and speciose genus of acanthodian fish from Lower Old Red Sandstone and Middle Old Red Sandstone assemblages (representing the Lower Devonian and Middle Devonian respectively) and is well represented in many palaeoichthyology collections in the UK. Based upon descriptions given during the 19th century, specimens of the genus Mesacanthus from the Orcadian Basin and Midlan...