OBJECTIVE To prospectively investigate the long-term effects of botulinum toxin treatment on the upper limb function and performance of school age children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy, who have limitations in performing activities of daily living and school activities, due to spasticity of the upper extremities. METHODS Botulinum type A toxin (BoNT-A) was injected into 24 spastic up...

Patients with neck disorders can report difficulties with functional use of their upper limb because of their neck pain. Yet, there is little information on the frequency and specifically, the nature of these upper limb activities. This study surveyed patients with neck pain disorders (n = 103) presenting for management at private physiotherapy clinics in a large metropolitan area to investigat...

BACKGROUND Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPSt1) of the upper limb is a painful and debilitating condition, frequent after stroke, and interferes with the rehabilitative process and outcome. However, treatments used for CRPSt1 of the upper limb are limited. OBJECTIVE . This randomized controlled study was conducted to compare the effectiveness on pain and upper limb function of mirro...

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the effects of visual field with prism glasses, and intensive upper limb functional training on reduction of hemineglect and improvement in upper limb function and activities of daily living in three stroke patients with hemineglect. [Subjects] This study included three stroke patients hospitalized in a sanatorium. [Methods] Intervention treatment involving...

the performance of the upper limb amputees is significantly reduced in contrast to that of normal subjects.  in order to compensate the functional limitation of the amputees various kinds of prostheses have been designed and developed, which are divided in to mechanical, cosmetic and myoelectric ones based on their functional abilities. unfortunately, most of the upper limb amputees prefer to n...

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) applied to the non-lesional hemisphere is reported to significantly improve motor function of the affected upper limb in adult stroke patients with hemiparesis. For pediatric stroke patients, the beneficial effects of LF-rTMS have been already confirmed in a randomized controlled study. However, there is no report of therapeut...

Understanding poststroke upper limb impairment is essential to planning therapeutic efforts to restore function. However, determining which upper limb impairment to treat and how is complex because the impairments are not static and multiple impairments may be present simultaneously. How impairments contribute to upper limb dysfunction may be understood by examining them from the perspective of...

AIM To evaluate the ability of four clinical methods to reflect arm and hand function at impairment and activity level and to determine their ability to discriminate among SMA II patients of all ages and in all stages of the disease. METHODS Fifty-two patients with SMA II (age range: 8-73 years) were assessed by means of the Egen Klassifikation 2 (EK2 scale), the Motor Function Measure Scale ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation (sNMES) after stroke aims to improve upper limb function and reduce shoulder pain, but current evidence of effectiveness is inconclusive. We have undertaken a randomized controlled trial to evaluate sNMES to the shoulder after acute stroke. METHODS One hundred seventy-six patients, within 10 days of stroke onset, were randomi...

introduction: spastic hemiplegia is one of the most common types of cerebral palsy. pathology of the central nervous system can alter normal development of the somatosensory cortex and develop sensory deficits. these deficits can decrease upper limp motor performances and skills and reduce the tendency to use the affected upper limp, so the quality of life is impaired in these children. therefo...