Back in 1960 the demand at Greensboro, North Carolina, was for a twenty cent harrburger at a downtown white-owned lunch counter. Since then, freedom rides, sit-ins, marches . for jobs, income and decent housing, and finally urban riots have become vehicles for black expression against racism and for a fair share of American affluence. The response of the white corporate sector to such anguished...

Downtown revitalization has become an important policy issue, especially in advanced countries. In more than 50 years since Jane Jacobs’s discourse, the mechanism of the formation and decline of downtowns has been the subject of much controversy. It has been argued that the agglomeration and attractiveness of downtown are supported by its internal diversity. However, very little research includ...

Intensive urbanization and global warming are impacting the health well-being of urban population. Nevertheless, environments with different designs will have micro local climate conditions. This study used data from micrometeorological measurements performed in spaces (downtown, park, riverside) Banja Luka, Bosnia Herzegovina, on hot summer days June 2021. Air temperature, relative humidity, w...

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The influence of large sub urban shopping center toward the decline of inner city commercial center has attracted many researchers. To prevent the decline of the city center due to urban sprawl, it is necessary to understand the influence of sub urban shopping mall development in competition with the city commercial center. This paper reports the investigation on the transportation effect on th...

8001 Natural Bridge Road St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4499 Most American municipalities that incorporated prior to 1930, regardless of population size or geographic region, contain a downtown district. These traditional downtowns usually constituted the community’s retail hub, featured a highdensity walkable setting, and were at the center of community and civic life. The decades following World W...