a UMR CNRS 5178-IRD 207-MNHN-UPMC « Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques », DMPA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France b UR « Hydrosystèmes et bioprocédés », Cemagref, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, F-92 761 Antony, France c UMR 5119 ECOSYM « Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers » (CNRS-IRD-IFREMER-UM1-UM2), Université Montpellier 2, Pla...

Conservation of heritage artifacts is a very sensitive task as conservators usually have very little information about the artifacts. Moreover, due to the uniqueness and the historic value of these artifacts, invasive analysis are not always possible. Therefore, without sampling options, conservators are required to use non-invasive diagnostic methods in order to identify the metal characterist...

Dual-energy X-ray computed tomography (DECT) is a powerful tool for non-destructive evaluation for security. In security applications where DECT is used for scanning checked luggage, many different materials may be scanned in various degrees of clutter and metal objects are common. Conventionally, fi ltered back-projection (FBP) is used for image formation and there is no unifi ed treatment of ...

The present study was on the phytoassessment of a waste engine oil (WEO)-polluted soil after amendment, using Vigna unguiculata cv. Ife Brown. Top (0 - 10 cm) constant measured into buckets. WEO poured and thoroughly mixed to obtain 2.5% w/w oil-in-soil concentration. Polluted soils were with manure (MN) and/or sawdust (SD) at 10% respectively. However, when more than amendment applied, they bo...

BACKGROUND An optimal metal artifact reduction (MAR) technique is needed for a reliable and accurate image-based diagnosis. PURPOSE Using a 320-row scanner, we compared the dual-energy computed tomography (CT)-based monochromatic and the single-energy metal artifact reduction (SEMAR) techniques for CT venography (CTV) to identify the better imaging method for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis (...

Artifacts are commonly encountered in clinical computed tomography (CT), and may obscure or simulate pathology. There are many different types of CT artifacts, including noise, beam hardening, scatter, pseudoenhancement, motion, cone beam, helical, ring, and metal artifacts. We review the cause and appearance of each type of artifact, correct some popular misconceptions, and describe modern tec...

BACKGROUND Metal artifacts appearing as streaks and shadows often compromise readability of computed tomography (CT) images. Particularly in a dental CT in which high resolution imaging is crucial for precise preparation of dental implants or orthodontic devices, reduction of metal artifacts is very important. However, metal artifact reduction algorithms developed for a general medical CT may n...

In computed tomography (CT), metal implants increase the inconsistencies between the measured data and the linear assumption made by the analytical CT reconstruction algorithm. The inconsistencies appear in the form of dark and bright bands and streaks in the reconstructed image, collectively called metal artifacts. The standard method for metal artifact reduction (MAR) replaces the inconsisten...