Aim Ecologists traditionally study how contemporary local processes, such as biological interactions and physical stressors, affect the distribution abundance of organisms. By comparison, biogeographers same organisms, but focus on historic, larger-scale processes that can cause mass mortalities, earthquakes. Here we document cascading effects rare biogeographical (seismic) more common ecologic...

The recombination-stimulating sequence, HOT1, corresponds to the promoter of transcription by yeast RNA polymerase I. The effect of HOT1 on mitotic interchromosomal recombination was examined in diploid strains carrying a heterozygous URA3 gene on chromosome III. The frequency of Ura- recombinants was increased 20-fold when HOT1 was inserted into the chromosome III copy marked with URA3, at a l...

Genetic manipulation of Candida albicans is constrained by its diploid genome and asexual life cycle. Recessive mutations are not expressed when heterozygous and undesired mutations introduced in the course of random mutagenesis cannot be removed by genetic back-crossing. To circumvent these problems, we developed a genotypic screen that permitted identification of a heterozygous recessive muta...

The universal mobile telecommunications system utilizes a three-level location-management strategy to reduce the net costs of location update and paging in the packet-switched service domain. Within a communication session, a mobile station (MS) is tracked at the cell level during packet transmission. In the idle period of an ongoing session, the MS is tracked at the UTRAN registration area (UR...

based on > 9000 (postnatal) autopsies. However, in clinical practice the clinician is generally faced with making a radiological diagnosis of ‘URA’ in a child or adult, or perhaps in a fetus in which just one kidney has been visualized on ultrasonography (US) during mid-gestation. Using US, URA can be ‘missed’ in the fetus or neonate because the adrenal, which then occupies the renal bed, can b...

This paper investigates a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided unsourced random access (URA) scheme for the sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks with massive sporadic traffic devices. First of all, this proposes novel joint active device separation (the message recovery device) and channel estimation architecture RIS-aided URA. Specifically, RIS passive reflection is optimized befo...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of activation of the abdominal muscles depending on exercise angles and whether the activation of rectus abdominis differs according to the location, during curl up and leg raise exercises, by measuring the thickness ratio of abdominal muscles using ultrasonography. METHODS We examined 30 normal adults without musculoskeletal problems. Muscle thickness was...

introduction: recurrent abortion (ra) may be a consequence of aberrant expression of immunological factors during pregnancy. although the relative importance of immunological factors in human reproduction remains controversial, substantial evidence suggests that autoantibodies contribute to reproductive failure. production of such antibodies is under the control of cytokines; and leptin, beside...

Administrative Role Based Access Control (ARBAC) models specify how to manage user-role assignments (URA), permission-role assignments (PRA), and role-role assignments (RRA). Many approaches have been proposed in the literature for URA, PRA and RRA. In this paper, we propose a model for attribute-based rolerole assignment (ARRA), a novel way to unify prior RRA approaches. We leverage the idea t...