Hemodynamic responses in mice and other species are typically measured under anesthesia. However, anesthesia could influence their relationship to neural activity. To investigate this relationship, we used optical imaging in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Hemodynamic responses yielded clear maps of retinotopy in both anesthetized and awake mice. However, during wakefulness, responses were fo...

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) is a translational imaging method with great potential in several neurobiologic applications. Most preclinical rsfMRI studies are performed in anesthetized animals, but the confounding effects of anesthesia on the measured functional connectivity (FC) are poorly understood. Therefore, we measured FC under six commonly used anesthesia ...

Objective: Isoflurane is widely used for inhaled general anesthesia. However, the mechanisms of isoflurane-induced cardiovascular depression are not fully understood. The effect of isoflurane on GABAA receptor expression in the NTS may underlie cardiovascular depression. Methods: The blood pressure (BP) and heart rates (HR) of conscious rats were confirmed initially using a CODA non-invasive bl...

Differences in breathing pattern between awake C57BL/6J (B6) and A/J mice are such that A/J mice breathe slower, deeper, and with greater variability than B6. We theorized that urethane anesthesia, by affecting cortical and subcortical function, would test the hypothesis that strain differences require a fully functional neuroaxis. We anesthetized B6 and A/J mice with urethane, placed them in a...

When anesthesia is produced in rabbits or rats by injections of ethyl urethane, the C0(2) content and pH of the whole blood of the animal are more or less rapidly increased to a point where there is a marked uncompensated alkalosis which reaches its maximum at 24 hours and persists for 48 hours. The increase in the C0(2) content and pH of the whole blood is accompanied by a decrease in the circ...

Spike sorting is an essential first step in most analyses of extracellular in vivo electrophysiological recordings. Here we show that spike-sorting success depends critically on characteristics of coordinated population activity that can differ between anesthetic states. In tetrode recordings from mouse auditory cortex, spike sorting was significantly less successful under ketamine/medetomidine...

The role of the caudal pressor area (CPA) in the maintenance of vasomotor tonus in anesthetized and decerebrate animals has been clearly established. In conscious animals, however, the participation of CPA in the cardiovascular control remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, unilateral L-glutamate (L-Glu) (10 and/or 20 nmol/70 nl) microinjection into CPA, in conscious male Wistar ...

Peripheral nerve injuries induce long-lasting physiological and severe functional impairment due to motor, sensory, autonomic denervation. Preclinical models allow us study the process of damage, evaluate capacity peripheral nervous system for spontaneous recovery, test diagnostic tools assess damage subsequent recovery. Methods: In this on Sprague-Dawley rats, we: 1) compared use two different...