Clinical characteristics and course of disease of 19 pneumococcal, 11 adenoviral, 15 mycoplasmal and 10 mixed pneumonias, diagnosed in 55 military conscripts, were compared. Controls consisted of 104 conscripts with upper respiratory infections (URI). The triad: productive cough, blood stained sputum, and chest pain aggravated by breathing (pneumococcal score) distinguished pneumococcal and mix...

BACKGROUND Antibiotics are over-prescribed for Upper Respiratory tract Infection (URI). Uncertainty in differentiating bacterial from viral infection is the main reason for this practice. More evidence is needed to encourage proper use of antibiotics for URI. OBJECTIVES 1) To determine the prevalence of Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci (GAS) in adults with URI and clinical features associa...

College students are susceptible to upper respiratory infections (URI) due to inadequate sleep, stress and close living quarters. Certain probiotic strains modulate immune function and may improve health-related quality of life (HRQL) during URI. The present study recruited apparently healthy college students and assessed the effect of probiotics on HRQL outcomes (i.e. self-reported duration, s...

Retrieving the resource identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) [1] is only one of the operations that can be performed on a URI. One might also ask for and get a list of other identifiers that are aliases for the original URI or a bibliographic description of the resource the URI denotes, for example. This applies to both Uniform Resource Names (URNs) and Uniform Resource Locators (U...

PURPOSE To examine the relationship between exposure to chronic community violence and upper respiratory illness (URI) symptoms among urban adolescents of color; and to test the generality of a model of the relationship between social stress and URI. METHOD The research used a cross-sectional correlational design. The sample was 769 first-semester first-year students in an urban nonresidentia...

BACKGROUND Frequent upper respiratory illness (URI) is a common problem in preschool children. Allergic rhinitis and immunoglobulin (Ig) deficiency are usually suspected as underlying etiologies. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and Ig and IgG subclass deficiency in preschool children with frequent URI. METHODS Two thousand eight hundred and seventy-six questionnai...

XPath, described in detail in the previous chapter, provides a common foundation for other standards that need to address into XML documents. One such standard, and the most interesting with regard to implementing hypermedia based on XML technologies, is the XML Pointer Language (XPointer) [DeRose+ 01a], which is used for fragment identifiers for XML resources. According to RFC 3023 [Murata+ 01...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of influenza vaccination on the reduction of the risk of outpatient visits for upper respiratory infection (URI) among the elderly in Taiwan. METHODS The data for this observational study, consisting of 1729 people aged 65 years or older, were drawn from Taiwan's 2001 National Health Interview Survey. This survey data was then linked with National Health Insur...