conclusions we concluded that the occurrence of urination, as a response to cooling stimulation of the lower trunk, is correlated with infants’ age and amount of environmental temperature degree. results micturition occurred in response to decreased skin temperature of the lower trunk, during the first minute interval of napkin removal, in 287 of the infants (35.9%). totally, 428 infants (53.5%...

The term cystitis means inflammation of the urinary bladder. Cats with cystitis or feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), usually present with signs of dysuria (difficult urination), pollakiuria (increased frequency of urination), haematuria, agitation or vocalisation (crying or howling) when trying to urinate, urethral obstruction, and/or periuria (inappropriate urination). In some cases ...

We investigated sexual and seasonal patterns in scent-marking behaviour of the honey badger, by direct observations of habituated individuals (five females, four adult males, two young males). Four categories of scent-marking behaviour were identified: (1) scent marking at latrines; (2) token urination in holes along the foraging path; (3) squat marking at single-use sites; and (4) functional e...

BACKGROUND Urination disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and respond poorly to medication. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for urination disorders in PD. METHODS Ninety-one patients with PD (aged 34-83 years old) were recruited. Patients were assessed with the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr stage, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Depre...

Hereditary angioedema (HEA) is a disease characterized by decreased levels or function of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). The symptoms of HEA in pediatric age group generally consist of recurrent episodes of soft tissue swelling. These symptoms can be transient, subtle, and varied in severity. Genitourinary system is rarely affected in this disease. Here, a three-year-old girl who presented wit...