AIMS To investigate whether vaginal estrogen cream combined with tolterodine is more effective than tolterodine alone in the treatment of postmenopausal women with overactive bladder (OAB). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an unblinded study without placebo. A preliminary study consisted of tolterodine 2 mg twice per day for 3 months had been conducted for 25 postmenopausal women with OAB. Over ...

Background & aim:  Menopause is one of the most critical stages in a woman’s life. Special attention needs to be paid to the quality of life of menopausal women. Symptoms of genitourinary atrophy can affect women’s comfort and quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare two treatment methods of vitamin E suppository and conjugated estrogens vaginal cream on the quality of life of meno...

Two hundred and 91 patients showing signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis (BV) were randomized to receive topical treatment with Fitostimoline (vaginal cream and vaginal ovules + vaginal washing) or benzydamine hydrochloride (vaginal cream + vaginal washing) for 7 days. Signs (leucorrhoea, erythema, oedema, and erosion) and symptoms (burning, pain, itching, vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and...

OBJECTIVE To support the practitioner in the diagnosis of vaginal atrophy and in the management of the related symptoms. OPTIONS The modalities of evaluation range from basic pelvic examination, examination of the vulva, and laboratory tests. OUTCOMES A comprehensive approach to the detection of vaginal atrophy and a discussion of available therapeutic and nontherapeutic options. EVIDENCE...

BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is characterized by vaginal/vulvar dryness, irritation, dyspareunia, or dysuria. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a very low-dose estradiol vaginal cream (0.003%) applied twice per week in postmenopausal women with VVA-related vaginal dryness. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-con...

OBJECTIVE Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is characterized by vaginal changes, dyspareunia, and itching/irritation. Efficacy and safety of a lower-dose estradiol vaginal cream (0.003%) were evaluated in postmenopausal women with VVA-related dyspareunia. METHODS This was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sexually active postmenopausal women with moderate-severe dyspareu...

Labial adhesions are a common finding estimated to occur in 22% of prepubertal girls. Symptoms are related to the accumulation of urine behind partially fused labia and include urinary tract infections, vulvovaginitis, pain with activity, post-void dripping of urine, and, in cases of complete labial fusion, urinary retention. Although topical estrogen had traditionally been considered first-lin...

Background and aim: Shortening of the duration of wound healing is an attractive subject for investigators in recent years. In this study, the effects of topical phenytoin, silver sulfadiazine, estrogen and their combination on wound healing were evaluated.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was accomplised on 30 male albino rats, which had an approximate wei...

BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis is known as one of the most common fungal infection among women of reproductive age and considered as an important public health problem. In recent years, due to resistance to common antifungal medication, the use of traditional medicine of anti-fungal and herbal treatment increased. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the effects of vagina...