Supplementation of progesterone in the luteal phase and continuance of progesterone therapy during the first trimester has been found in several studies to have benefits in promoting fertility, preventing miscarriages and even preventing pre-term labor. Though it can be administered orally, intramuscularly or even sublingually, a very effective route with fewer side effects can be achieved by a...

Background: Dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2), is presently used as the approved standard protocol for cervical ripening and labour induction. In search for a cheaper alternative, misoprostol (prostaglandin E1) has been found to be a good substitute. The ideal dose, route and frequency of administration of misoprostol are, however, still under investigation. Although, vaginal application of misop...

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an extremely common cause of vaginal symptoms in women. Multiple antifungal products are available by either the oral or vaginal route, although no new drugs have become available for two decades. Given the therapeutic equivalence of the antimycotic agents and their routes of administration, the specific drug and formulation selected is entirely arbitrary in re...

Novel experimental and theoretical methods in evaluating the systemic bioavailability of estrogens delivered via the vaginal route have been developed. The approaches were demonstrated for estrone and estradiol in the rhesus monkey. These newly developed techniques have made it possible to quantify first pass vaginal membrane metabolism for estrone and for estradiol and to disthlguish this proc...

BACKGROUND Abdominal and vaginal hysterectomies are the two predominant operative modalities for various uterine conditions; however the indications for selecting a particular procedure in any setting may not be optimally defined. This study was undertaken to evaluate the appropriate route of hysterectomy (abdominal or vaginal) in a hospital population for women with benign disease by comparing...

A probiotic bacterium, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (L. lactis) transformed with plasmid ss80, which made it capable of synthesizing and secreting β-lactamase, a 29 kDa protein, was used to deliver β-lactamase via vaginal route. The vaginal absorption of β-lactamase in rats was studied when delivered by this L. lactis system and compared to the β-lactamase solution with or without the untra...

As one of the author states in the book, surgery through the vagina is the most minimally invasive way to perform almost all gynecologic operations. In this light, it is important for surgeons in this field to be familiar with the vaginal and pelvic anatomy and the nuances involved in performing surgery through the vaginal route. Advances in Reconstructive Vaginal Surgery is a comprehensive tex...

Caprine herpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) is responsible for vaginal and respiratory disease in goats. Infection by vaginal route is usually restricted to the genital tract whereas by nasal route the virus can spread throughout the body. In order to evaluate genomic diversity, nucleotide sequences of glycoprotein C (gC) of 13 (n.8 vaginal, n.5 nasal) CpHV-1 strains were analyzed. Amino acid (aa) sequences...

Our objective was to assess the applicability of hysterectomy by the vaginal route completely performed with Autosuture staples. Between January 1992 and September 1993, 5 vaginal hysterectomies using Autosuture staplers were performed by the authors. Five vaginal hysterectomies matched for age, parity, and uterine size performed by the same surgeons using reabsorbable sutures during the same...