Radio remote sensing of the ionospheric E region can be difficult, particularly in the nighttime E region valley which lies between two regions of higher electron density. We show that extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves launched from below penetrate this region because of their low attenuation and can be reflected from both the D region and the top of the E region valley. This ...

Computational studies on ketyl anion radicals with methyl chloride and on ω-chloroalkanal radical anions, Cl(CH2)nC(H)O (n ) 2, 3), find competing mechanisms: a dissociative electron transfer (ET) mechanism and a substitution (SUB(C)) mechanism leading to a C-alkylation product. H(CN)CdO/CH3Cl proceeds unequivocally via the SUB(C) mechanism, and ω-chloroalkanal radical anions proceed by the ET ...

The valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall (VQAH) state, which forwards a strategy for combining valleytronics and spintronics with nontrivial topology, attracts intensive interest in condensed-matter physics. So far, the explored VQAH states have still been limited to magnetic systems. Here, using low-energy effective model Floquet theorem, we propose different mechanism realize state nonmagn...

the studies performed regarding the reasons for villagers’ migration to cities confirm the fact that the motivation for migrants to migrate is to attain higher incomes. the proposed method in this research to recuce migration is to transform the farmer into portfolio entrepreneurs. the applicability of this method to increase farmers' income to reduce their migration is tested throughout t...

in this paper, an advanced formulation of the spectral finite element method (sfem) is presented and applied in order to carry out site response analysis of 2d topographic structures subjected to vertically propagating incident in-plane waves in time-domain. the accuracy, efficiency and applicability of the formulation are demonstrated by solving some wave scattering examples. a numerical param...

With a help of the selfconsistent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) approach with the D1S effective Gogny interaction and the Generator Coordinate Method (GCM) we incorporate the transverse collective vibrations to the one-dimensional model of the fission-barrier penetrability based on the traditional WKB method. The average fission barrier corresponding to the least-energy path in the two-dimensio...

Probing and controlling the valley degree of freedom in graphene systems by transport measurements has been a major challenge to fully exploit unique properties this two-dimensional material. In theoretical work, we show that goal can be achieved quantum-wire geometry made gapped acts as filter with following favorable features: (i) all electrical gate control, (ii) electrically switchable pola...