We draw a distinction between the concepts of purchase affordability (whether a household is able to borrow enough funds to purchase a house) and repayment affordability (the burden imposed on a household of repaying the mortgage). We operationalize this distinction in the context of a new methodology for constructing affordability measures that draws on the value-at-risk concept and takes acco...

We adopt a theory of relativisation based on the idea that relatives, like wh-constructions in the analysis of Chomsky (1998), require two sorts of features to construct their LF-interpretation. We argue that it is the variable interpetability of these features that gives rise to different syntactic patterns. We use this theory to provide an explanation for some curious syntactic facts found in...

Proof. Proof of claim 1: Suppose all agents acquire full information. In this case Π(bi) = 0 and each agent has to pay c. Deviating from the equilibrium means that the agent receives an uninformative signal, i.e. bi → ∞, but does not have to pay c. From the definition we can easily see that as bi → ∞, τv → 0. In the full information equilibrium, the agent knows that ā = s and thus Var [ā|Ii] = ...

In this paper the value at risk (VaR) forecasts are compared using three different GARCH models; ARCH(1), GARCH(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1). The implemented method is a one-day ahead out of sample forecast of the VaR. The forecasts are evaluated using the Kupiec test with a five percent significance level. The focus is on three different markets; commodities, equities and exchange rates. The goal of t...

This work aims at comparing two models of fuzzy distribution: Normal and Laplace, whenever they are inside the context of possibilistic mean-variance model described by Li et al. in [6], where fuzzy Normal distribution is used. We propose to make a comparison using their model, but instead we apply fuzzy Laplace distribution. We also demonstrate the theorems which are necessary for the inclusio...