in this work, a more accurate prediction of liquid evaporation flux has been achieved. the statistical rate theory approach, which is recently introduced by ward and fang and exact estimation of vapor pressure in the layer adjacent to the liquid–vapor interface have  been used for prediction of this flux. firstly, the existence of an equilibrium layer adjacent to the liquid-vapor interface is c...

Film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) are widely applied in mass bio-sensing and pressure sensors, owing to their extreme sensitivity and integration ability, and ability to miniaturize circuits. A volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor with a polymer-coated diaphragm, using FBARs as a strain sensing element is proposed and optimized. This vapor sensor is based on organic vapor-induced changes ...

BACKGROUND Concentration and purification of ethanol and other biofuels from fermentations are energy-intensive processes, with amplified costs at smaller scales. To circumvent the need for these processes, and to potentially reduce transportation costs as well, we have previously investigated bio-hybrid fuel cells (FCs), in which a fermentation and FC are closely coupled. However, long-term op...

Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is one of the most commonly used technologies for soil remediation contaminated sites, and use models to accurately predict evaluate operational effectiveness SVE a necessary part site contamination treatment projects. A pneumatic model-based equipment model proposed comprehensively describe operation process. Though numerical simulation, influence fan frequency, air...

Liquid-liquid extraction is an alternative method that can be used for desulfurization and denitrification of gasoline and diesel fuels. Recent approaches employ different ionic liquids as selective solvents, due to their general immiscibility with gasoline and diesel, negligible vapor pressure, and high selectivity to sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. For that reason, five imidazolium...

s of Remediation Case Studies, Volume 1EPA-542-R-95-001; March 1995* Remediation Case Studies, Volume 1: BioremediationEPA-542-R-95-002; March 1995* Remediation Case Studies, Volume 2: Groundwater TreatmentEPA-542-R-95-003; March 1995* Remediation Case Studies, Volume 3: Soil Vapor ExtractionEPA-542-R-95-004; March 1995* Remediation Case Studies, Volume 4: Therma...

The impulse turbo expander (ITE) is employed to replace the throttling valve in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle to improve the system performance. An improved ITE and the corresponding cycle are presented. In the new cycle, the ITE not only acts as an expansion device with work extraction, but also serves as an economizer with vapor injection. An increase of 20% in the isentropic effi...

By definition ILs are molecular salts that melt at low temperatures, i.e. around room tem‐ perature or below 100 °C [2]. ILs also combine a remarkable set of properties such as high ion density (only ions!), wide temperature ranges of chemical and thermal stability, in‐ flammability and negligible vapor pressure. Hence ILs are particularly suitable for appli‐ cations where loss to the vapor pha...

Two Indian wheat cultivars viz. C-306 and RAJ-3765 were used for gluten extraction and developed gluten based edible film. The wet and dry gluten yield of C-306 cultivar was significantly higher than that of RAJ-3765. Five glycerol concentrations viz. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 g were tried for film formation and developed films were then compared. Film thickness was independent on glycerol concentration...

Ethylbenzene is primarily produced by the alkylation of benzene with ethylene in liquid-phase slurry reactors promoted with aluminum chloride catalysts or by vapor-phase reaction of benzene with dilute ethylene-containing feedstock with a boron trifluoride catalyst supported on alumina (Cannella 2007; Clayton and Clayton 1981; HSDB 2009; Welch et al. 2005; Ransley 1984). Newer versions of the m...