Background and Aims: The insertion of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) and ventriculoatrial (VA) shunts is the first-line treatment of patients with hydrocephalus and normal-pressure hydrocephalus. The provision of a safety profile for shunting in the treatment of hydrocephalus patients is very important. This study aimed to determine the success rates and complications of VP and VA shunting in patien...

Variational methods have become a widely used tool in the search for solitary waves in nonlinear systems. If a system exhibits fast oscillations in one of the degrees of freedom, its wavefunction can split into two or more separate parts and 'orthodox' variational descriptions are inadequate to include such nontrivial dynamics. A candidate for somewhat more realistic description is the hybrid v...

This paper proposes a formal reconstruction of the script construct by leveraging active inference framework, behavioral modeling framework that casts action, perception, emotions, and attention as processes (Bayesian or variational) inference. We propose first principles account integrates its different uses in social sciences. begin reviewing recent literature construct. then examine main mat...