Neural coding of the pitch of complex sounds is vital for animals' ability to communicate and to perceptually organize natural acoustic scenes. Harmonic complex sounds typically have a well defined pitch corresponding to their fundamental frequency, whereas inharmonic sounds can exhibit pitch ambiguity: their pitch can have more than one value. Iterated rippled noise (IRN), a common "pitch stim...

BACKGROUND Athletes are expected to consider multiple factors when making informed decision about nutritional supplement use. Besides rules, regulations and potential health hazards, the efficacy of different nutritional supplements in performance enhancement is a key issue. The aim of this paper was to find evidence for informed decision making by investigating the relationship between specifi...

In this paper we study how to avoid escapes in open dynamical systems in the presence of dissipation and forcing, as it occurs in realistic physical situations. We use as a prototype model the Helmholtz oscillator, which is the simplest nonlinear oscillator with escapes. For some parameter values, this oscillator presents a critical value of the forcing for which all particles escape from its s...

We report on the magnetotransport in a 90 nm thick n-type GaAs epitaxial thin film in the weak localization (WL) regime. Low temperature (T</=50 K) magnetotransport data are fit with WL theory, from which the phase coherence time, tau(varphi) proportional, variantT(-p) (p=1.22+/-0.01), are extracted. We conclude that the dominant dephasing mechanism at these temperatures is electron-electron (e...

The concept of amenability for Banach algebras was introduced by Johnson in 1972 [6]. Several modifications of this notion, such as approximate amenability and pseudo-amenability, were introduced in [2] and [4]. In the current paper we investigate the pseudo-amenability of Brandt semigroup algebras. It was shown in [2] and [4] that for the group algebra L(G), amenability, approximate amenabilit...

Let $A$ and $B$ be two unital $C^{*}$-algebras and $varphi:A rightarrow B$ be a linear map. In this paper, we investigate the structure of linear maps between two $C^{*}$-algebras that preserve a certain property or relation. In particular, we show that if $varphi$ is unital, $B$ is commutative and $V(varphi(a)^{*}varphi(b))subseteq V(a^{*}b)$ for all $a,bin A$, then $varphi$ is a $*$-homomorph...

in this paper among many other things we prove that the topological left amenability and left amenability of a weighted hypergroup (k, ?) are equivalent. for a normal subgroup h of k, we define a weight function ?? on kih and obtain connection between left amenability of (k, ?) and (k|h, ??). let h be a compact subhypergroup of k. we define the weight function on k||h and obtain connection betw...

In this paper, we use the properties of Euler’s function, elementary methods and idea classification discussion to study solvability equation \(\varphi\) (x)+2 = (x+2)