Overexpression of -catenin, a protein that functions in both cell adhesion and signaling, causes expansion of the cerebral cortical precursor population and cortical surface area enlargement. Here, we find that focal elimination of -catenin from cortical neural precursors in vivo causes premature neuronal differentiation. Precursors within the cerebral cortical ventricular zone exhibit robust -...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the links between connexin43 (Cx43) expression, myocardial conduction velocity, and ventricular tachycardia in a model of healed myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND Post-infarction ventricular arrhythmias frequently cause sudden death. Impaired myocardial conduction has previously been linked to ventricular arrhythmias. Altered connexin expressio...

Development of the cerebellum proceeds under the precise spatio-temporal control of several key developmental signalling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We recently reported the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the perinatal cerebellar ventricular zone (VZ), a germinal centre in the developing cerebellum that gives rise to GABAergic and glial cells. In order to investigate...

The ventricular tachycardia (VT) monitoring zone in implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) is usually programmed to detect slow VTs. However, it is not well known whether programming this zone can affect the ICD arrhythmia redetection or confirmation criteria. We report two cases of inappropriate ICD shocks due to the programming of a slow VT monitoring zone in the same device model.

Chordae tendineae from 50 normal mitral valves were studied. Four main types can be distinguished by their mode of insertion. Commissural chordae insert into and define the commissures between the anterior and posterior leaflets. Rough zone chordae insert into the ventricular aspect of the distal rough portion of the anterior and posterior leaflets. Such rough zone chordae typically split into ...

The glutamate transporter GLAST is localized on the cell membrane of mature astrocytes and is also expressed in the ventricular zone of developing brains. To characterize and follow the GLAST-expressing cells during development, we examined the mouse spinal cord by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. At embryonic day (E) 11 and E13, cells expressing GLAST mRNA were present only in t...

the right ventricle (rv) is a complex structure with abstruse function that reveals important differences when compared to the left ventricle (lv), so it cannot be described as a simple geometric form and achromatic physiology. as an inference from this fact, in the present review, we aim to describe rv structure including the embryology, anatomy, and physiology and present a functional, hemody...

Left ventricular remodelling after infarction Many factors influence the survival of patients after myocardial infarction, but the single most important clinical determinant is left ventricular function.1-3 Left ventricular function correlates closely with the size of the region of myocyte necrosis in human and in animal infarction models.45 Recently, the cellular processes occurring soon after...

Although impairment of left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction is closely related to extent of necrosis, function in the noninfarct zone also contributes to global performance and thus may be of prognostic importance. We evaluated left ventricular regional wall motion by the centerline chord method in 332 patients treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA...

This study was designed to assess the time-dependent change in propensity to induction of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmia after myocardial infarction. Instrumented conscious dogs were assessed during serial drug-free electrophysiologic studies over 26 +/- 9 days (range 17 to 35 days) after 2 hr occlusion-reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Of the 19 animals studie...