Knee extension is always performed with coordinated contractions of multiple quadriceps muscle components; however, how the load is shared among them under normal and pathological conditions is unclear. We hypothesized that: the absolute moment generated by each quadriceps component increases with the total knee extension moment; the relative contribution and its dependence on the total knee ex...

This paper considers parameter estimation for nonlinear state-space models, which is an important but challenging problem. We address this challenge by employing a variational inference (VI) approach, principled method that has deep connections to maximum likelihood estimation. VI approach ultimately provides estimates of the model as solutions optimisation problem, deterministic, tractable and...

In this paper we study how to learn stochastic, multimodal transition dynamics in reinforcement learning (RL) tasks. We focus on evaluating transition function estimation, while we defer planning over this model to future work. Stochasticity is a fundamental property of many task environments. However, discriminative function approximators have difficulty estimating multimodal stochasticity. In...

In this article, we describe a test of the active time model for concurrent variable interval (VI) choice. The active time model (ATM) suggests that the time since the most recent response is one of the variables controlling choice in concurrent VI VI schedules of reinforcement. In our experiment, pigeons were trained in a multiple concurrent similar to that employed by Belke (1992), with VI 20...

Collagen type VI is shown to be present in the human cornea. This finding is based on comparative peptide mapping relative to type VI collagen isolated from placenta and on immunoblotting using antibodies specific for human type VI collagen. Scanning of polyacrylamide gels indicates that type VI collagen comprises as much as one quarter of the dry weight of the cornea. Indirect immunofluorescen...

Using five high-resolution (λ/∆λ ≈ 3000) FUV (λλ = 910–1210 Å) spectra acquired in 1996 December during the flight of the ORFEUS-SPAS II mission, 47 archival IUE short-wavelength UV (λλ = 1150–1950 Å) spectra, and archival EUVE deep survey photometry (λλ ≈ 70–200 Å), we present a detailed picture of the behavior of the magnetic cataclysmic variable EX Hydrae in the vacuum ultraviolet. Like HUT ...

In this paper we first present a novel operator extrapolation (OE) method for solving deterministic variational inequality (VI) problems. Similar to the gradient (operator) projection method, OE updates one single search sequence by subproblem in each iteration. We show that can achieve optimal rate of convergence variety VI problems much simpler way than existing approaches. then introduce sto...

We obtained far-ultraviolet spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469 using the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer on 1999 December 6. Our spectra cover the wavelength range 990–1187 Å with a resolution of ∼ 0.05 Å. We see broad emission lines of C III, N III, O VI, and He II as well as intrinsic absorption lines in the O VI λλ1032, 1038 resonance doublet. The absorption arises in two distin...