ABSTRACT- This study aims to model optimal cultivation pattern based on the maximization of importing virtual water and social net income of major crops in Marvdasht, Iran. For this purpose, a linear programming model was developed considering constraints of virtual water and land limitations followed by other models to include employment restrictions. Based on the findings, wheat and tomato we...

Total phosphorus (TP) exports from the rivers draining into Lough Neagh increased between 1974 and 2000 despite lower TP inputs to the rivers from point sources. Over this period annual diffuse exports of dissolved reactive P (DRP) increased by 238%, from 17 to 57 kg P km22 with an annual rate increase of 1.6 6 0.3 kg P km22 yr21. Dissolved unreactive P exports increased by 0.4 6 0.2 kg P km22 ...

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations account for approximately 30% of the total forested area in Japan. Both are arbuscular mycorrhizal trees that leach more NO3 in response to nitrogen (N) deposition than do forests of ectomycorrhizal trees. However, little information is available about the size of N exports from these plantations. The ...

virtual water trade is investigated in industrial, agricultural, social sectors for national and global scales. in this study, interbrain virtual water was evaluated in irrigation sector for the sefidroud basin to use in the allocation of water resources. in this regard, through investigating eight cropping pattern (s1- s8) in the riverbank of qezelozan river (provinces of east azarbaijan, zanj...

The concern on the effects and potential consequences of displacements water resources through international trade has increased in last decades. Today, scarcity is considered one main problems world. Despite large advances its quantification understanding, further research anthropogenic determinants exchanges embodied necessary. Our study aims to shed light trajectories explaining factors Euro...

The use of pelletized poultry litter (PPL) as a substitute for inorganic fertilizers is increasingly being encouraged in states like Delaware which have a considerable surplus of poultry litter. However, we know very little about the impacts of PPL on runoff water quality and whether it is an environmentally-sound and sustainable alternative to inorganic fertilizer. To address these questions w...

International trade can spur economic growth, but it also deplete the water resources needed to produce traded goods. This is crucial for Egypt as a lower-middle income country where boosting agricultural exports encouraged promote sustainable agriculture development strategy. The objective of this paper was quantify Egypt’s virtual flows contributing with one its main trading partners, Europea...