background macrophages play critical roles in innate immune response in the liver. whether macrophages participate in liver innate immunity against hcv replication is poorly understood objectives the aim of this study was to investigate the role of macrophages in liver innate immunity against hcv replication. conclusions macrophages may play an important role in liver innate immunity against hc...

UNLABELLED By recruiting functional domains supporting DNA condensation, cell binding, internalization, endosomal escape and nuclear transport, modular single-chain polypeptides can be tailored to associate with cargo DNA for cell-targeted gene therapy. Recently, an emerging architectonic principle at the nanoscale has permitted tagging protein monomers for self-organization as protein-only nan...

The interaction of nanoparticles with biomolecules and microorganisms is an expanding field of research. Within this field, an area that has been largely unexplored is the interaction of metal nanoparticles with viruses. In this work, we demonstrate that silver nanoparticles undergo a size-dependent interaction with HIV-1, with nanoparticles exclusively in the range of 1-10 nm attached to the v...

conclusions these findings of the present study indicate that the recombinant coree1e2 glycoprotein is effective in inducing neutralizing antibodies, and is an influential hcv vaccine candidate. results in our study, the virus-like particle of rcoree1e2 with 70 nm size, was shown by electron microscopy and proved the self-assembly in vitro in a yeast expression system. materials and methods by ...

Plasmonic photocatalytic nanostructures have been fabricated under mild conditions (room temperature aqueous solution) using genetically engineered bacteriophage P22 virus-like particles (VLP) as a nano-platform. The photodegradation of methylene blue by CdS photocatalyst confined inside VLP can be significantly enhanced by the controlled deposition of gold nanoparticles on the outer shell of V...

Using a state of the art nano-electrochemical technique, we show that a single virus ‘tagged’ with silver nanoparticles can be rapidly detected in real time at the single virus level. A solution containing a low concentration of influenza virus is exposed to silver nanoparticles which are adsorbed onto the virus surface, as revealed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. W...

Self-assembly of viral coating proteins encapsulating functional nanoparticles provides a new class of biomaterials with robust chemical and physical properties for potential applications in functional imaging, and therapeutic or diagnostic agent delivery. Herein, a straightforward method is demonstrated for efficient encapsidation of magnetic nanoparticles into the engineered virus-like partic...

Assembly pathways of virus-like particles formed from a virus coat protein cage encapsulating a metal nanoparticle were studied by intrinsic fluorescence quenching. Depending on buffer conditions, the in vitro formation of a virus-like particle can take place through cooperative or non-cooperative adsorption of protein subunits on the nanoparticle template. Simple equilibrium models provided es...

Nanoparticles displaying native proteins are attractive for many applications, including vaccinology. Virus-based nanoparticles are easily tailored by genetic means, commonly by inserting heterologous sequences into surface-exposed loops. The strategy works well with short peptides but is incompatible with the structures of most native proteins, except those with closely juxtaposed termini. Her...